Adds `Term::Seq { lhs, rhs }` (serde tag "seq") as a first-class
AST node for sequencing effectful expressions. Equivalent in
behaviour to `let _ = lhs in rhs`, but the dedicated node gives the
pretty-printer and diagnostics a cleaner shape and surfaces the
intent ("run for effect, then yield rhs") to future tooling.
Typecheck: lhs must be Unit; rhs's type is the result; effects
accumulate.
Codegen: lower lhs (drop SSA), lower rhs (return).
Capture / deps walkers: recurse into both sides.
Refactored examples/list_map.ail.json's print_list to use seq
instead of `let _ = ...`. Output unchanged (2/4/6).
Hash stability: existing examples without Term::Seq serialise
bit-identical; only list_map.ail.json's hashes changed (deliberate
refactor).
Tests: 51 green (was 50). New unit test
`ailang_check::tests::seq_lhs_must_be_unit` covers the type-error
path; existing list_map e2e covers the happy path.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Adds anonymous functions to AILang. A lambda value is constructed by
malloc'ing an env struct that holds its captured locals, plus a
closure pair `{ thunk_ptr, env_ptr }` (Iter 8a's ABI). The lambda's
body lifts to a top-level thunk `@ail_<m>_<def>_lam<id>(ptr %env,
params...)` that unpacks captures back into named locals before
running.
AST: new Term::Lam { params, paramTypes, retType, effects, body }.
Serde tag is "lam"; existing modules (no Lam) serialize identically,
so all current hashes stay stable.
Pretty-printer: renders `(\\ (x: T ...) -> R . body)`.
Typecheck (ailang-check): a lambda's type is the declared Type::Fn.
Body's effect set must be a subset of declared effects (no row
polymorphism). Constructing a lambda is pure — only calling it picks
up the declared effects, via the existing App branch.
Codegen (ailang-codegen):
- collect_captures: free-var walk; excludes builtins, current-module
top-level fns, and qualified names.
- lower_lambda: per-fn lam counter, save/restore emitter state, emit
thunk into a deferred queue (flushed after the parent fn), pack env
+ closure pair on heap, register the resulting closure-pair SSA in
the sidetable so subsequent indirect calls find it.
- Capture sigs propagate: a fn-typed capture keeps its FnSig in the
thunk's sidetable so `f(args)` inside the body still indirect-calls.
- Env layout: 8 bytes per capture (typed load/store reads only the
needed bytes; padding wasted but uniform).
Tests: 49 green (was 48). New examples/closure.ail.json + e2e
`closure_captures_let_n` exercises `let n = 3 in apply(\\x. x + n, 39)`
end-to-end and asserts the binary prints 42.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Every fn-value is now a `ptr` to a closure pair `{ ptr thunk, ptr env }`,
not a raw fn-pointer. Top-level fns get an auto-generated adapter
`@ail_<m>_<f>_adapter(ptr %_env, params...)` that ignores env and
forwards to the real fn, plus a static closure constant
`@ail_<m>_<f>_clos = { @adapter, null }`. References to a fn as a
value return the closure-pair address.
Indirect calls now GEP the thunk + env slots, load both, and call
`thunk(env, args...)`. Direct calls to statically-known callees stay
on the original fast path (no adapter).
This is the ABI groundwork for Iter 8b lambdas: a captured-env closure
will reuse the same value shape, just with a non-null env produced by
malloc.
Tests: 48 still green. IR snapshots refreshed (every fn now carries an
adapter + static closure pair). Iter 7's hof.ail.json prints 42
unchanged — `apply(inc, 41)` now hands `@ail_hof_inc_clos` to apply,
which unpacks and indirect-calls as designed.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Top-level fn names are now usable as values, fn-typed parameters can
be called as `f(args)`. KISS slice of "closures + HOFs + TIR": no
TIR, no heap, no ABI shift — that bundle stays in Iter 8 where
closure-with-capture and lambdas land together.
Codegen:
- Type::Fn lowers to LLVM `ptr`; sig travels via a per-fn-body
`ssa_fn_sigs` sidetable on `Emitter`.
- Term::Var falls through to `resolve_top_level_fn` when the name is
not a local; emits `@ail_<m>_<def>` and registers the sig.
- Term::App splits: static callee (builtin / current-module / qualified)
keeps the existing direct path; otherwise lower the callee, look up
the sig, emit indirect `call <ret> (<param-tys>) %fn(args...)`.
- emit_fn registers fn-typed params in the sidetable on entry.
- If branches propagate a fn-pointer sig to their phi when both arms
match.
Typechecker: unchanged. It already accepted `synth(callee)` against
Type::Fn; the only blocker was codegen rejecting non-Var callees.
Tests: 48 green (was 47). New `examples/hof.ail.json` and e2e
`higher_order_apply_inc` exercise `apply(inc, 41) == 42` end-to-end.
DESIGN.md: "What is not (yet) supported" rewritten — closures-with-
capture and lambdas remain pending, first-class fn-refs added as
positive bullet. Smoke-test list extended with `hof.ail.json`.
JOURNAL.md: Iter 7 entry with rationale, scope choice, architecture
self-check, Iter 8 plan.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Make English the project-wide language: all comments, string literals,
CLI help text, design docs, journal, agent prompts, and README. Only
CLAUDE.md (the user's own instruction file) stays German, and the live
conversation between user and Claude continues in German.
Adds a new "Project language: English" section to docs/DESIGN.md as
the durable convention. No logic changes — translation only. Four
internal error strings in the typechecker were retranslated; no
test asserts on their wording.
Verified: cargo test --workspace passes (44/44).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Symbol-Mangling-Schema einheitlich auf @ail_<modul>_<def> umgestellt
(auch für Single-Modul-Programme), String-Globals als
@.str_<modul>_<idx>. main bleibt LLVM-/C-ABI-Eintrittspunkt und ist
ein Trampoline auf @ail_<entry>_main. lower_workspace emittiert eine
einzige .ll für den ganzen Workspace, alphabetisch nach Modulname,
Cross-Module-Calls über Import-Map aufgelöst. ail build / ail emit-ir
laufen jetzt durch den Workspace-Pfad. IR-Snapshots regeneriert,
neuer ws_main-Snapshot. E2E-Test workspace_build_runs_imported_fn
prüft, dass das Binary die importierte Funktion korrekt aufruft.
Schuld #19 (source_filename) durch einheitliches <entry>.ail-Schema
geschlossen.
- AST: Def::Type mit Ctors; Term::Ctor (Konstruktion) und Term::Match
mit Arm/Pattern. Patterns: Wild, Var, Lit, Ctor { ctor, fields } —
Sub-Patterns im MVP auf Var/Wild beschränkt.
- Typchecker: Type-Registry, ctor_index für O(1)-Resolution, Pattern-
Bindings, Exhaustiveness-Check gegen volle Konstruktormenge plus
Negativ-Tests.
- Codegen: Boxed-Heap-Layout via malloc; Tag in Offset 0, Felder ab
Offset 8 in 8-Byte-Slots. Match lowert zu load tag + switch + Phi
am Join. Default-Block ist unreachable, wenn vom Typchecker geprüft.
- examples/list.ail.json: rekursive Int-Liste mit sum_list via match.
E2E-Test + Exhaustiveness-Tests. 19/19 Tests grün.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
- Codegen: current_block-Tracking ersetzt die Heuristik im phi-Lowering;
verschachtelte if-Ausdrücke produzieren jetzt korrekte LLVM IR.
examples/max3.ail.json + Test schützt gegen Regression.
- Strings: Lit::Str / Type Str / io/print_str Effekt-Op; Strings sind im
MVP immutable Konstanten. examples/hello.ail.json als zweiter E2E-Test.
- CLI: --json für manifest und builtins; neuer deps-Subcommand listet
statische Symbol-Referenzen pro Definition. Effekt-Ops mit Prefix
effect: markiert.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Erste lauffähige Iteration. examples/sum.ail.json wird zu nativem Binary
kompiliert und druckt 55 (Summe 1..10) als End-to-End-Test.
Architektur:
- ailang-core: hashbares JSON-AST + canonical-form + pretty-printer
- ailang-check: monomorpher HM-Subset + Effekt-Set-Tracking
- ailang-codegen: LLVM-IR-Text-Emitter (kein libllvm-link)
- ail: CLI mit check/manifest/render/describe/emit-ir/build/builtins
Designentscheidungen sind in docs/DESIGN.md dokumentiert; der Verlauf
in docs/JOURNAL.md.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Brummel