Strictly additive new crate per Decision 6 architectural pin.
JSON-AST stays the source of truth; ailang-surface is one
producer/consumer of ailang_core::ast::Module values. ailang-check
and ailang-codegen unchanged.
Crate contents:
- src/lex.rs (~264 LOC): 3-rule lexical core. Whitespace and parens
delimit tokens; semicolon to EOL is comment; first-character
classifier (digit -> int, " -> string, else -> ident).
- src/parse.rs (~1041 LOC): hand-written recursive descent. One Rust
fn per EBNF production. No parser-combinator dep.
- src/print.rs (~371 LOC): deterministic pretty-printer. Round-trip
contract with parse() is the surface's correctness gate.
- tests/round_trip.rs (~128 LOC): integration test runs every
examples/*.ail.json fixture through print -> parse -> canonical
JSON, asserts canonical-byte equality with the original.
Two AST-driven form widenings beyond the 14b sketch (both folded
into DESIGN.md Decision 6):
- lam-term carries (typed name type) params, ret type, and
optional effects (Term::Lam has parallel param_tys/ret_ty/
effects fields).
- import-clause admits (import name (as alias)?) (Import.alias
is Option<String>).
Production count ~28, under 30-rule budget. Constraint 1
(formalisable for foreign LLM) intact.
Verification:
- cargo build --workspace green.
- cargo test --workspace: 76 tests green (was 64; +9 surface unit,
+2 round-trip integration). All 17 fixtures round-trip
byte-identical at canonical level. 3 hand-written .ailx
exhibits parse to canonical JSON identical to their .ail.json
siblings.
- cargo doc --no-deps zero warnings (DESIGN.md item 6 invariant).
Manual smoke test (ail parse → ail run): hello, box,
list_map_poly all produce expected output through the form-(A)
authoring lane end-to-end.
CLI: ail parse <file.ailx> [-o <file.ail.json>]. .ail.json
remains a first-class input to every existing subcommand.
Plan 14d: stdlib (std_list.ailx with length/filter/fold/concat/
reverse/head/tail), authored in form (A) from day one.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Third docwriter mission (combined). Pure rustdoc additions, no
API or behaviour change.
ailang-codegen (113 LOC of doc):
- Crate root: intra-doc links (emit_ir, lower_workspace,
CodegenError::MissingEntryMain) + precondition note (both
entry points assume type-checked input).
- /// on CodegenError + every variant, naming AST trigger.
- /// on emit_ir and lower_workspace (single vs multi-module
split, cross-linked).
ail CLI (49 LOC of doc):
- Module-level //! expanded from 5 lines to full subcommand
list with one-liners (11 subcommands verified against Cmd
enum), clang-on-PATH note, design-intent paragraph.
Verification: cargo doc --no-deps zero warnings (also under
RUSTDOCFLAGS='-D rustdoc::broken_intra_doc_links'); build green;
tests 64/64 + 3 ignored doctests green. Diff is 100% doc lines
(verified by filtering).
Findings (not fixed; orchestrator-deferred):
- CodegenError::Internal is one catch-all variant for ~30
invariant-violation sites; splitting would help test
ergonomics but is out of doc scope.
- emit_ir synthesises a Workspace with root_dir="."; harmless
today, surfaces if codegen ever reads root_dir.
Process note: my brief said the CLI had 9 subcommands; agent
found and documented 11. Useful counter-pressure on orchestrator
sloppiness — recorded in JOURNAL.
Workspace-wide rustdoc invariant (DESIGN.md item 6) now
load-bearing across all four crates. Docwriter shifts from
sweep to maintenance mode going forward.
Next: 14a (polymorphic list_map using Iter-13a parameterised
ADTs) is unblocked.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Adds type parameters to ADTs. `TypeDef` gets a `vars: Vec<String>` and
`Type::Con` gets an `args: Vec<Type>`, both `skip_serializing_if =
"Vec::is_empty"` so canonical-JSON hashes of every pre-13a definition
stay bit-identical (regression test in `hash::tests`).
Checker:
- `check_type_def` installs `td.vars` as rigid vars while validating
ctor field types — `Cons(a, List a)` now resolves both occurrences
of `a` and the recursive `List a` use.
- `check_type_well_formed` accepts `Type::Con { name, args }` only
when the type is in scope and `args.len()` matches its declared
arity; primitives stay zero-arg.
- `Term::Ctor` synth instantiates `td.vars` with fresh metavars, so
`MkBox(42)` synthesises to `Box<$m0>` and unifies field types
through the surrounding context.
- `type_check_pattern` substitutes the scrutinee's concrete type-args
through ctor field types, so a `MkBox(x)` arm against a `Box<Int>`
scrutinee binds `x : Int`.
- `check_fn` validates declared param/return types via
`check_type_well_formed` so arity mismatches on parameterised
ADTs surface before the body is checked.
`unify`, `occurs`, `Subst::apply`, `substitute_rigids`, and codegen's
`unify_for_subst` / `apply_subst_to_type` recurse into `args`.
Pretty-print:
- `type_to_string` renders `Box<Int>` for parameterised cons.
- `def_block`/`manifest` carry the `[a b ...]` vars list.
Three new check unit tests cover ctor instantiation at a concrete
arg, the polymorphic-`unbox` round trip at two distinct
instantiations, and arity mismatch on `Box<Int, Bool>`. All 62 tests
green; clippy clean (two pre-existing warnings untouched). Hashes
db33f57cb329935e (sum) and b082192bd0c99202 (IntList) verified
unchanged.
Codegen still synthesises `Type::Con` with `args: vec![]` from
`Term::Ctor` — full ADT monomorphisation lands in 13b.
Adds `Term::Seq { lhs, rhs }` (serde tag "seq") as a first-class
AST node for sequencing effectful expressions. Equivalent in
behaviour to `let _ = lhs in rhs`, but the dedicated node gives the
pretty-printer and diagnostics a cleaner shape and surfaces the
intent ("run for effect, then yield rhs") to future tooling.
Typecheck: lhs must be Unit; rhs's type is the result; effects
accumulate.
Codegen: lower lhs (drop SSA), lower rhs (return).
Capture / deps walkers: recurse into both sides.
Refactored examples/list_map.ail.json's print_list to use seq
instead of `let _ = ...`. Output unchanged (2/4/6).
Hash stability: existing examples without Term::Seq serialise
bit-identical; only list_map.ail.json's hashes changed (deliberate
refactor).
Tests: 51 green (was 50). New unit test
`ailang_check::tests::seq_lhs_must_be_unit` covers the type-error
path; existing list_map e2e covers the happy path.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Iter 9a — dogfood. examples/list_map.ail.json exercises everything
Iter 1-8 shipped in one program: ADTs (IntList = Nil | Cons Int IntList),
recursive fns over the ADT (map_int, print_list), pattern matching with
nested Var fields, a closure (`\\x. x * 2`, no captures), fn-typed
parameters, IO effects propagating through recursion, and `let`-
sequencing of an effectful sub-expression inside a match arm.
Result: nothing broke. The full pipeline (typecheck → IR emit →
clang → run) produces "2\\n4\\n6\\n". The language is now sufficient
for "small but real" programs.
Iter 9b — `ail run`. Convenience subcommand that builds into a
tempdir and executes, propagating the binary's exit code. Equivalent
to `ail build && ./bin` in one step. Build logic factored out of
`Cmd::Build` into a shared `build_to` helper used by both Build and
Run.
Tests: 50 green (was 49). New e2e `list_map_doubles_then_prints`.
No test for `ail run` itself — the existing build_and_run helper in
e2e.rs already exercises the same build+exec sequence path.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Adds anonymous functions to AILang. A lambda value is constructed by
malloc'ing an env struct that holds its captured locals, plus a
closure pair `{ thunk_ptr, env_ptr }` (Iter 8a's ABI). The lambda's
body lifts to a top-level thunk `@ail_<m>_<def>_lam<id>(ptr %env,
params...)` that unpacks captures back into named locals before
running.
AST: new Term::Lam { params, paramTypes, retType, effects, body }.
Serde tag is "lam"; existing modules (no Lam) serialize identically,
so all current hashes stay stable.
Pretty-printer: renders `(\\ (x: T ...) -> R . body)`.
Typecheck (ailang-check): a lambda's type is the declared Type::Fn.
Body's effect set must be a subset of declared effects (no row
polymorphism). Constructing a lambda is pure — only calling it picks
up the declared effects, via the existing App branch.
Codegen (ailang-codegen):
- collect_captures: free-var walk; excludes builtins, current-module
top-level fns, and qualified names.
- lower_lambda: per-fn lam counter, save/restore emitter state, emit
thunk into a deferred queue (flushed after the parent fn), pack env
+ closure pair on heap, register the resulting closure-pair SSA in
the sidetable so subsequent indirect calls find it.
- Capture sigs propagate: a fn-typed capture keeps its FnSig in the
thunk's sidetable so `f(args)` inside the body still indirect-calls.
- Env layout: 8 bytes per capture (typed load/store reads only the
needed bytes; padding wasted but uniform).
Tests: 49 green (was 48). New examples/closure.ail.json + e2e
`closure_captures_let_n` exercises `let n = 3 in apply(\\x. x + n, 39)`
end-to-end and asserts the binary prints 42.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
- ail deps now filters builtins, fn params, and let/match-pattern
bindings. New value_names() in ailang-check::builtins is the single
source of truth shared with the typechecker install path. walk_term
threads a scope set; qualified `prefix.def` refs pass through.
- check_in_workspace returns Vec<CheckError>; check_workspace
accumulates body diagnostics across defs and modules. Pass-1
(top-level symbol table) and per-module type-def setup stay
fail-fast — corrupt env would taint later diagnostics.
- DESIGN.md "What the MVP is NOT" was lying (ADTs, strings landed
in Iter 2/3). Renamed to "What is not (yet) supported" and split
into "not yet" + supported/smoke-tested. JOURNAL Iter 6 entry
records the architecture self-check.
Tests: 47 green (was 44). +2 deps filter tests in e2e,
+1 multi-diagnose test in ailang-check workspace integration.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Make English the project-wide language: all comments, string literals,
CLI help text, design docs, journal, agent prompts, and README. Only
CLAUDE.md (the user's own instruction file) stays German, and the live
conversation between user and Claude continues in German.
Adds a new "Project language: English" section to docs/DESIGN.md as
the durable convention. No logic changes — translation only. Four
internal error strings in the typechecker were retranslated; no
test asserts on their wording.
Verified: cargo test --workspace passes (44/44).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Vier Tooling-Subkommandos können jetzt auf dem ganzen Workspace
arbeiten. Default bleibt single-modul (Rückwärtskompat). Manifest
listet alphabetisch nach (modul, name) mit module-Feld; describe
nimmt Punktnotation ws_lib.add an, ambig-Erkennung fallback;
deps gibt Cross-Module-Edges {from_module,from_def,to_module,to_def}
aus, Effekt-Ops separat; diff vergleicht workspace-übergreifend mit
added/removed/changed/unchanged_modules und nested Sub-Diff pro
changed_module. Helper diff_def_lists wird von Single- und
Workspace-Diff geteilt.
Symbol-Mangling-Schema einheitlich auf @ail_<modul>_<def> umgestellt
(auch für Single-Modul-Programme), String-Globals als
@.str_<modul>_<idx>. main bleibt LLVM-/C-ABI-Eintrittspunkt und ist
ein Trampoline auf @ail_<entry>_main. lower_workspace emittiert eine
einzige .ll für den ganzen Workspace, alphabetisch nach Modulname,
Cross-Module-Calls über Import-Map aufgelöst. ail build / ail emit-ir
laufen jetzt durch den Workspace-Pfad. IR-Snapshots regeneriert,
neuer ws_main-Snapshot. E2E-Test workspace_build_runs_imported_fn
prüft, dass das Binary die importierte Funktion korrekt aufruft.
Schuld #19 (source_filename) durch einheitliches <entry>.ail-Schema
geschlossen.
Neue API check_workspace(&Workspace) -> Vec<Diagnostic>; check_module
hebt das Modul intern in einen Trivial-Workspace. Term::Var mit genau
einem Punkt im Namen ist ein qualifizierter Verweis <prefix>.<def>,
aufgelöst über Import-Map (alias-oder-modulname → echter Modulname).
Drei neue Diagnostic-Codes: unknown-module, unknown-import,
invalid-def-name. ail check lädt jetzt immer via load_workspace;
Loader-Fehler werden im JSON-Modus zu strukturierten Diagnostics
(module-not-found, module-cycle, …). DESIGN.md und JOURNAL.md
dokumentieren die Konvention. Hash-Stabilität: alle ir_snapshot_*-
Tests bitidentisch grün, kein neuer AST-Knoten.
ail diff <a> <b> [--json] vergleicht zwei Module strukturell per
Def-Hash. Vier Kategorien (added/removed/changed/unchanged),
alphabetisch sortiert, deterministisches JSON-Schema. Exit 1 bei
Unterschieden, Exit 0 bei Identität — skript-tauglich. Kein
Typcheck-Zwang, damit man auch kaputte Module diffen kann. Helper
def_name/def_kind in ailang-core für stabile Def-Identität.
Neue Top-Level-API check_module(&Module) -> Vec<Diagnostic> in
ailang-check, plus stabile Codes (unbound-var, type-mismatch,
arity-mismatch, non-exhaustive-match, unknown-ctor-in-pattern,
duplicate-def, …). CLI bekommt --json-Flag für maschinenlesbares
Output, Exit 1 bei Errors. Text-Modus unverändert. E2E-Test
check_json_unbound_var sichert das Format ab.
- AST: Def::Type mit Ctors; Term::Ctor (Konstruktion) und Term::Match
mit Arm/Pattern. Patterns: Wild, Var, Lit, Ctor { ctor, fields } —
Sub-Patterns im MVP auf Var/Wild beschränkt.
- Typchecker: Type-Registry, ctor_index für O(1)-Resolution, Pattern-
Bindings, Exhaustiveness-Check gegen volle Konstruktormenge plus
Negativ-Tests.
- Codegen: Boxed-Heap-Layout via malloc; Tag in Offset 0, Felder ab
Offset 8 in 8-Byte-Slots. Match lowert zu load tag + switch + Phi
am Join. Default-Block ist unreachable, wenn vom Typchecker geprüft.
- examples/list.ail.json: rekursive Int-Liste mit sum_list via match.
E2E-Test + Exhaustiveness-Tests. 19/19 Tests grün.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
- Codegen: current_block-Tracking ersetzt die Heuristik im phi-Lowering;
verschachtelte if-Ausdrücke produzieren jetzt korrekte LLVM IR.
examples/max3.ail.json + Test schützt gegen Regression.
- Strings: Lit::Str / Type Str / io/print_str Effekt-Op; Strings sind im
MVP immutable Konstanten. examples/hello.ail.json als zweiter E2E-Test.
- CLI: --json für manifest und builtins; neuer deps-Subcommand listet
statische Symbol-Referenzen pro Definition. Effekt-Ops mit Prefix
effect: markiert.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Erste lauffähige Iteration. examples/sum.ail.json wird zu nativem Binary
kompiliert und druckt 55 (Summe 1..10) als End-to-End-Test.
Architektur:
- ailang-core: hashbares JSON-AST + canonical-form + pretty-printer
- ailang-check: monomorpher HM-Subset + Effekt-Set-Tracking
- ailang-codegen: LLVM-IR-Text-Emitter (kein libllvm-link)
- ail: CLI mit check/manifest/render/describe/emit-ir/build/builtins
Designentscheidungen sind in docs/DESIGN.md dokumentiert; der Verlauf
in docs/JOURNAL.md.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Brummel