76b21c00eb1be6cc656f2539e82f3bccab6c2ecf
4 Commits
| Author | SHA1 | Message | Date | |
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 Brummel
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76b21c00eb |
feat(lang): eliminate the Implicit ownership default — totality + the drop-soundness it demasks (#55)
Deletes `ParamMode::Implicit`. `ParamMode` is now `{Own, Borrow}`:
every fn-type slot on every signature carries an explicit `own` or
`borrow`, no defaulted position survives anywhere (model 0008 §2,
spec 0062). The parser rejects a bare fn-type slot; `borrow-return`
and `borrow-over-value` reject at the signature; the corpus is
migrated to minimal-ownership modes (consumed ⇒ own, read-only-heap
⇒ borrow, value ⇒ trivial-own). The documented `Implicit`-ret-mode
leak is fixed: an owned heap return now drops exactly once (live=0,
acceptance criterion 5).
This was the easy half. Removing the default ACTIVATED a family of
drop paths that `Implicit` had silently skipped — the pre-cutover
language was leaking (and in places mis-dropping) here rather than
crashing, because an Implicit scrutinee turned the drop off. Making
the modes explicit (Own) turned those paths on and exposed two
latent-bug clusters, all fixed RED-first as part of this cutover:
Drop-soundness family (four legs):
A. lit-sub-pattern double-free — the desugar re-matched the same
owned scrutinee in the lit fall-through; fixed by grouping
consecutive same-ctor arms into one match (bind fields once),
in ailang-core desugar.
B. Cons-husk leak on non-tail arm bodies — the lit-sub-pattern
desugar rebound the owned scrutinee via `Let $mp = xs`, which
bumped consume_count and suppressed the existing fn-return
partial_drop. Fixed by not rebinding a bare-Var scrutinee
(one husk-freeing mechanism, not two).
C. polymorphic `drop_<T>` rc_dec'd monomorphised value fields —
the per-ADT drop fn was emitted once from the polymorphic
TypeDef, defaulting type-var fields to ptr and rc_dec'ing
inline Ints (segfault). Fixed with per-monomorph drop
functions (new ailang-codegen::dropmono): the drop set is
collected from the lowered MIR, value-type fields are skipped,
heap fields still freed once; monomorphic-concrete ADTs keep
their byte-identical un-suffixed drop symbol.
D. static Str literal passed to an `(own Str)` param — the
literal lowers to a header-less rodata constant; the callee's
now-active rc_dec read its length field as a refcount and
freed a static address (segfault). Fixed with the missing
fourth StrRep::Static→Heap promotion in lower_to_mir's App arm,
gated on Own mode (borrow args stay static, no regression).
over-strict-mode lint over-fired: it suggested `(borrow V)` for
value-typed params (which `borrow-over-value` rejects — own is the
only legal mode there) and fired on `(intrinsic)` bodies (whose
consumption the linearity walk cannot observe). Tightened to skip
both; contract 0008 updated to the narrowed firing scope.
Irreversible step — canonical-form hash reset (model 0008 §6,
acceptance criterion 6). Every signature now carries explicit modes,
so the hashable canonical JSON changed for every module. RATIFY:
the corpus-wide hash-pin reset (hash_pin, prelude_module_hash_pin,
mono_hash_stability, eq_ord_e2e, embed_export_hash_stable, the
ct4/iter*/loop_recur schema-extension pins) and the list ir_snapshot
golden were regenerated once, deliberately, as the intended one-time
consequence of removing the mode elision from the canonical form —
not a regression. Each regenerated hash verified deterministic across
two runs.
Also fixes a pre-existing latent failure surfaced by the verification
gate, unrelated to this cutover: the `every_contract_names_a_resolvable_
ratifying_test` resolver (design_index_pin) could not resolve the
" + " dual-link ratifying-test form (`uniqueness.rs + linearity.rs`)
that the #57 audit-close (
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Brummel
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26fb3459d8 |
GREEN: io/print_str byte-faithful via @fputs(@stdout) — closes #29
The runtime print path now writes exactly the bytes of its
argument with no implicit trailing newline. `io/print_str` is
byte-faithful; authors who want a newline emit `(do io/print_str
"\n")` themselves.
## Codegen
`crates/ailang-codegen/src/lib.rs`:
- Module preamble: `@puts(ptr)` → `@fputs(ptr, ptr)` plus
`@stdout = external global ptr` (libc's `FILE *stdout`).
- Effect-op lowering for `io/print_str`: emit
`getelementptr +8` then `load ptr, ptr @stdout` then
`call/tail call i32 @fputs(ptr bytes, ptr fp)`. Identical
bytes-pointer GEP, distinct sink.
- The pinned IR-shape test renames from
`print_str_calls_puts_with_bytes_pointer` to
`print_str_calls_fputs_with_bytes_pointer_and_stdout` and now
asserts: bytes-GEP present, stdout-load present, both module-
preamble declarations present, and no `@puts(` call anywhere
in the emitted IR.
## Why this shape, and not the alternatives
- *Rename `io/print_str` to `io/println_str` (issue #29 option 2)*
— kept the auto-newline, just relabelled it. AILang's design
bias is explicit-over-implicit (CLAUDE.md: implicit conversions
cut). Auto-newline is a hidden runtime augmentation; the rename
would have preserved it. Rejected.
- *Append `\n` inside the polymorphic `print` (Show-mediated)
function in `examples/prelude.ail`* — would have been a one-line
fix. Rejected: `print` is the Show-mediated formatter, not a
newline emitter; baking a newline into it would have re-imposed
the same implicit-augmentation problem one layer up, breaking
callers that legitimately want pure-bytes output.
## Fixture / test sweep
30 `.ail` fixtures whose owning tests asserted line-separated
stdout now emit explicit `(do io/print_str "\n")` after each
print. Tests that asserted on multi-line stdout (`show_print_e2e`,
`floats_e2e`, `str_concat_e2e`, `eq_ord_e2e`, several `print_*`
smoke tests) had their fixtures sweetened the same way; assertions
themselves remain the canonical observable output. Fixtures that
never relied on the newline (no test ever read the absence of one)
were left untouched.
## Migrated metadata
- `crates/ailang-core/tests/hash_pin.rs`: the `ordering_match::main`
canonical hash is refreshed (`b65a7f834703ffb4` →
`8ed47b4062ce00f5`). The comment now names both successive
corpus migrations honestly: the per-type-print-retirement (which
moved `(do io/print_int x)` to `(app print x)`) AND this
fputs swap (which wrapped that with `(seq ... (do io/print_str
"\n"))`).
- `design/contracts/str-abi.md`: the consumer-ABI table now lists
`@fputs` as the print sink. A prose paragraph documents the
byte-faithful semantics and references this issue.
- `examples/ordering_match.prose.txt`: regenerated from the
updated `ordering_match.ail`.
- `crates/ail/tests/snapshots/{hello,sum,max3,list,ws_main}.ll`:
IR snapshots regenerated via `UPDATE_SNAPSHOTS=1`.
- Stale `@puts` comments in `runtime/str.c`,
`crates/ail/tests/{e2e,show_print_e2e,print_no_leak_pin}.rs`
replaced with `@fputs`.
## Verification
- `cargo test -p ail --test print_str_no_auto_newline_e2e` — both
RED tests from commit
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Brummel
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bcd41810f4 |
design/ + source rustdoc: replace opaque shorthand with content phrases + links
Reader-facing prose and rustdoc carried opaque shorthand like
"Decision 10", "clause-5", "mq.1", "ct.1", "eob.1", "rpe.1",
"post-mq.3", and "Iter 22b.1:" with no in-repo definition the reader
could follow. This commit replaces every such occurrence in the
durable tier the reader is most likely to land on (design/ ledger +
source //! module headers + the central /// public-item rustdoc) with
an inline content phrase plus, where applicable, a Markdown link to
the file that defines the referenced concept.
design/ ledger — 16 files:
Definition-site headings demoted from "Decision N: <title>" to
"<title>": authoring-surface, tail-calls, memory-model section in
rc-uniqueness.md, dual-allocator section, typeclass design,
effects "pure core + algebraic effects".
Cross-reference sites: "Decision 1" -> canonical-schema principle
(data-model); "Decision 3/4" -> effects + scope-boundaries; "Decision
6" -> authoring-surface; "Decision 8" -> tail-calls; "Decision 9" ->
rc-uniqueness (dual-allocator); "Decision 10" -> memory-model;
"Decision 11" -> typeclasses (model). "clause-5" -> body-link
durability gate. "clause-3" (in language-constraints) ->
bug-class-reintroduction discriminator. "mq.1/2/3", "ct.1/4",
"eob.1", "rpe.1" -> the canonical-form rule / the type-driven
dispatch / the Str carve-out / etc. "post-mq.3" -> "type-driven".
design/contracts/feature-acceptance.md: file-local "clauses 1/2/3"
-> "criteria 1/2/3" (sprachliche Kohärenz mit der File-Überschrift
"Feature-acceptance criterion"); "the clause-3 mechanism" -> "the
bug-class-reintroduction discriminator".
Source //! module headers — 24 files:
Stripped "Iter X.Y:" prefixes and "(Decision N)" / "(mq.X)" tags
from spec_drift, uniqueness, reuse_shape, migrate_canonical_types,
typeclass_22b{2,3,c}, suppress_filter, lift, mono, linearity,
diagnostic, method_dispatch_pin, method_collision_pin,
no_per_type_print_ops, mq3_multi_class_e2e, print_mono_body_shape,
print_no_leak_pin, cli_diag_human_workspace_load_error,
ct1_check_cli, prose snapshot, unbound_in_instance_method_pin,
mono_xmod_ctor_pattern, desugar.
Central /// public-item rustdoc:
ast.rs (full sweep — every "Iter X" + "Decision N" prefix
reformulated; mode/Type::Fn rustdoc now points at memory-model.md;
Constraint / SuperclassRef / InstanceDef / ClassDef rustdoc points
at typeclasses contract).
diagnostic.rs (all "(Iter X)" / "(mq.X)" tags on diagnostic codes
removed).
lib.rs (FORM_A_SPEC rustdoc points at authoring-surface.md
instead of "Decision 6").
canonical.rs (type_hash + Float-literal rustdoc).
Still outstanding (for a follow-up commit): ~500 inline `//`
code-body comments with `Iter X.Y` markers across the workspace, and
a handful of `///` rustdoc items in hash_pin / workspace_pin / lift /
mono / suppress_filter test-pin and internal-function bodies. Code
identifiers (test filenames like `mq3_multi_class_e2e.rs`, function
names like `iter18e_drop_iterative_default_preserves_hashes`) stay
verbatim per the user's "code identifiers stay verbatim" rule.
Tests: design_index_pin 5/5 + docs_honesty_pin 5/5; workspace builds
clean; full `cargo test --workspace` previously green (every
`test result: ok` line, no FAILED line).
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Brummel
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feb941363a |
bugfix: print leak — propagate ret_mode through rigid substitution
`(app print x)` under --alloc=rc leaked the heap-Str allocated by
`show x` in print's body: the let-binder `s` in
`(let s (app show x) (do io/print_str s))` was never flagged
trackable, so the drop site at scope-close emitted no
`ailang_rc_dec(s)`. Minimal repro `(body (app print 42))` produced
`allocs=1 frees=0 live=1`.
Root cause is two-layer:
1. examples/prelude.ail.json declared the Show class method `show`
without an explicit `ret_mode` on the return type, so serde
defaulted to ParamMode::Implicit. Fix: add `"ret_mode": "own"`
on the Show.show method, parallel to how the heap-Str-producing
builtins (int_to_str, bool_to_str, float_to_str, str_clone,
str_concat) declare it. examples/prelude.ail regenerated via
`ail render` to stay parse-isomorphic with the JSON.
2. crates/ailang-check/src/lib.rs `substitute_rigids` was silently
stripping `param_modes` and `ret_mode` whenever it rebuilt a
`Type::Fn`, so even after the prelude fix, the mono-synthesised
`show__Int / Bool / Str / Float` lost the `Own` annotation
during rigid substitution. Fix: preserve both fields through
the substitution.
RED pin: crates/ail/tests/print_no_leak_pin.rs (test
`alloc_rc_print_int_does_not_leak_show_result_str`) + fixture
examples/print_int_no_leak_pin.ail asserts allocs == frees and
live == 0 for `(body (app print 42))` under --alloc=rc.
Ten mono-body hash pins re-recorded (eq__Int/Bool/Str,
compare__Int/Bool/Str, show__Int/Bool/Str/Float, eq__IntBox) —
the bodies are semantically identical; the canonical JSON now
carries the previously-stripped mode metadata, so the body hash
moves. Re-pinning is bookkeeping for the intentional drift, not
a workaround.
Surfaced 2026-05-14 during the rpe.1 BLOCKED orchestrator run
(Cat A). Existed in latent form since iter 24.3 (when Show + print
shipped); only became user-observable when `(app print ...)` joined
the corpus. cargo test --workspace: 565 / 0 / 3.
Open follow-up flagged for next /audit: grep for `Type::Fn { ..., .. }`
field-spread sites — any other shape that drops modes during
rebuild is a latent instance of the same bug class. Out of scope
for this minimal fix.
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