// Hand-C reference for bench_list_sum.
//
// Same algorithm as examples/bench_list_sum.ail — build a linked list
// of [0, 1, ..., N-1] via prepending, then sum by linear traversal.
// Three workload sizes: 100k / 1M / 3M cells, matching the AILang
// fixture exactly so the AILang/C wall-time ratio is fair.
//
// Cell layout: { long head; struct cell *tail; } — 16 bytes (8 head
// + 8 pointer). AILang's IntList ICons cell is wider (tag + payload +
// tail = 24 bytes) because the runtime carries a constructor tag for
// the discriminated-union. The 1.5x size difference is one of the
// real costs of the discriminated-union representation; quoting the
// raw ratio without naming this is the wrong comparison.
//
// Memory policy: this reference uses malloc and DELIBERATELY DOES
// NOT FREE. That matches AILang's bench_list_sum running under
// --alloc=rc with implicit-mode params (cells leak by design — the
// 18c.3 known debt). The fair comparison is therefore:
//   AILang --alloc=rc (implicit-mode, leaks)  vs.  this C (leaks)
// A future iter that ships explicit-mode bench_list_sum + a free()-
// adding C variant would close the apples-to-apples gap on the
// dec-cost axis.
//
// Build: clang -O2 -o list_sum list_sum.c
// Expected stdout (one int per line):
//   4999950000
//   499999500000
//   4499998500000

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

typedef struct cell {
    long head;
    struct cell *tail;
} cell_t;

static cell_t *cons_n(long n) {
    cell_t *acc = NULL;
    for (long i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
        cell_t *c = (cell_t *) malloc(sizeof(cell_t));
        c->head = i;
        c->tail = acc;
        acc = c;
    }
    return acc;
}

static long sum_list(const cell_t *xs) {
    long acc = 0;
    while (xs) {
        acc += xs->head;
        xs = xs->tail;
    }
    return acc;
}

static void run_one(long n) {
    const cell_t *xs = cons_n(n);
    printf("%ld\n", sum_list(xs));
}

int main(void) {
    run_one(100000);
    run_one(1000000);
    run_one(3000000);
    return 0;
}