AILang/crates/ailang-codegen/src/lib.rs

//! LLVM-IR-Text-Emitter für AILang (MVP).
//!
//! Strategie: Wir erzeugen LLVM-IR als String, schreiben sie als `.ll` und
//! linken sie mit `clang`. Keine Bindung an eine bestimmte libllvm-Version.
//!
//! Typ-Mapping:
//! - `Int` -> `i64`
//! - `Bool` -> `i1`
//! - `Unit` -> `i8` (Wert immer 0)
//!
//! Named-Mangling: AILang-Fn `foo` wird zu LLVM `@ail_foo`. Wenn ein Modul
//! eine Funktion `main : () -> Unit !IO` hat, wird zusätzlich ein
//! `define i32 @main()` Wrapper erzeugt, der `@ail_main` aufruft und 0
//! zurückgibt — damit das Binary direkt ausführbar ist.

use ailang_core::ast::*;
use std::collections::BTreeMap;

#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
pub enum CodegenError {
    #[error("def `{0}`: {1}")]
    Def(String, Box<CodegenError>),

    #[error("unsupported type: {0}")]
    UnsupportedType(String),

    #[error("unknown variable: `{0}`")]
    UnknownVar(String),

    #[error("expected fn type, got {0}")]
    NotFnType(String),

    #[error("internal: {0}")]
    Internal(String),
}

type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, CodegenError>;

pub fn emit_ir(m: &Module) -> Result<String> {
    let mut emitter = Emitter::new(m);
    emitter.emit_module()?;
    Ok(emitter.finish())
}

struct Emitter<'a> {
    module: &'a Module,
    header: String,
    body: String,
    /// String-Konstanten: content -> (global-name, llvm-typ-länge inkl. \0)
    strings: BTreeMap<String, (String, usize)>,
    /// Lokale Symboltabelle pro Funktion: name -> (ssa-name inkl `%`, llvm-typ).
    locals: Vec<(String, String, String)>,
    /// fortlaufender Zähler für SSA-Werte und Labels.
    counter: u64,
    /// fortlaufender Zähler für globale String-Namen.
    str_counter: u64,
    /// Liste aller user-definierten Top-Level-Funktionen (für call-resolution).
    user_fns: BTreeMap<String, FnSig>,
    /// ADT-Tabelle: type_name -> Liste von ctors in Definition-Reihenfolge.
    /// Tag eines ctors = Index in dieser Liste. Wird in `ctor_index`
    /// repliziert; behalten für künftige Tools (Pretty-Printer für ADT-Werte,
    /// Decision-Tree-Optimierung).
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    types: BTreeMap<String, Vec<CtorInfo>>,
    /// Inverser Index: ctor-name -> (type_name, tag, field_llvm_types).
    ctor_index: BTreeMap<String, CtorRef>,
    /// Aktuelles Basic-Block-Label. Wird von `start_block` gesetzt und ist
    /// die einzige Quelle der Wahrheit für `phi`-Operanden.
    current_block: String,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
#[allow(dead_code)]
struct CtorInfo {
    name: String,
    fields: Vec<String>, // llvm types
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct CtorRef {
    type_name: String,
    tag: u32,
    fields: Vec<String>,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct FnSig {
    params: Vec<String>, // llvm types
    ret: String,         // llvm type
}

impl<'a> Emitter<'a> {
    fn new(module: &'a Module) -> Self {
        let mut user_fns = BTreeMap::new();
        for def in &module.defs {
            if let Def::Fn(f) = def {
                if let Type::Fn { params, ret, .. } = &f.ty {
                    let psig: Result<Vec<String>> =
                        params.iter().map(llvm_type).collect();
                    let rsig = llvm_type(ret);
                    if let (Ok(params), Ok(ret)) = (psig, rsig) {
                        user_fns.insert(f.name.clone(), FnSig { params, ret });
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        let mut types: BTreeMap<String, Vec<CtorInfo>> = BTreeMap::new();
        let mut ctor_index: BTreeMap<String, CtorRef> = BTreeMap::new();
        for def in &module.defs {
            if let Def::Type(td) = def {
                let mut infos = Vec::new();
                for (i, c) in td.ctors.iter().enumerate() {
                    let fields: Vec<String> = c
                        .fields
                        .iter()
                        .map(|t| llvm_type(t).unwrap_or_else(|_| "i64".into()))
                        .collect();
                    infos.push(CtorInfo {
                        name: c.name.clone(),
                        fields: fields.clone(),
                    });
                    ctor_index.insert(
                        c.name.clone(),
                        CtorRef {
                            type_name: td.name.clone(),
                            tag: i as u32,
                            fields,
                        },
                    );
                }
                types.insert(td.name.clone(), infos);
            }
        }

        Self {
            module,
            header: String::new(),
            body: String::new(),
            strings: BTreeMap::new(),
            locals: Vec::new(),
            counter: 0,
            str_counter: 0,
            user_fns,
            types,
            ctor_index,
            current_block: String::new(),
        }
    }

    fn start_block(&mut self, label: &str) {
        self.body.push_str(label);
        self.body.push_str(":\n");
        self.current_block = label.to_string();
    }

    fn finish(self) -> String {
        let mut out = String::new();
        out.push_str("; AILang generated module: ");
        out.push_str(&self.module.name);
        out.push('\n');
        out.push_str("source_filename = \"");
        out.push_str(&self.module.name);
        out.push_str(".ail\"\n");
        out.push_str("target triple = \"");
        out.push_str(default_triple());
        out.push_str("\"\n\n");

        // Globals first.
        for (content, (name, _)) in &self.strings {
            let escaped = ll_string_literal(content);
            let len = c_byte_len(content);
            out.push_str(&format!(
                "@{name} = private unnamed_addr constant [{len} x i8] c\"{escaped}\", align 1\n",
            ));
        }
        if !self.strings.is_empty() {
            out.push('\n');
        }

        out.push_str("declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)\n");
        out.push_str("declare i32 @puts(ptr)\n");
        out.push_str("declare ptr @malloc(i64)\n\n");
        out.push_str(&self.header);
        out.push_str(&self.body);
        out
    }

    fn emit_module(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
        let defs: Vec<&Def> = self.module.defs.iter().collect();
        for def in defs {
            match def {
                Def::Fn(f) => {
                    self.emit_fn(f).map_err(|e| {
                        CodegenError::Def(f.name.clone(), Box::new(e))
                    })?;
                }
                Def::Const(c) => {
                    self.emit_const(c).map_err(|e| {
                        CodegenError::Def(c.name.clone(), Box::new(e))
                    })?;
                }
                Def::Type(_) => {
                    // Keine LLVM-Definition nötig: die ADT existiert nur als
                    // logischer Typ. Heap-Boxen werden ad-hoc per malloc
                    // angelegt.
                }
            }
        }

        // main-Wrapper, falls vorhanden.
        if let Some(Def::Fn(main_fn)) = self
            .module
            .defs
            .iter()
            .find(|d| d.name() == "main")
        {
            if let Type::Fn { params, ret, .. } = &main_fn.ty {
                if params.is_empty() && matches!(ret.as_ref(), Type::Con { name } if name == "Unit")
                {
                    self.body.push_str(
                        "\ndefine i32 @main() {\n  call i8 @ail_main()\n  ret i32 0\n}\n",
                    );
                }
            }
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    fn emit_const(&mut self, c: &ConstDef) -> Result<()> {
        let lty = llvm_type(&c.ty)?;
        let lit = match &c.value {
            Term::Lit { lit } => lit,
            _ => {
                return Err(CodegenError::Internal(
                    "MVP: const muss Literal sein".into(),
                ));
            }
        };
        let (val_ty, val) = match lit {
            Literal::Int { value } => ("i64".to_string(), value.to_string()),
            Literal::Bool { value } => (
                "i1".to_string(),
                if *value { "true".into() } else { "false".into() },
            ),
            Literal::Unit => ("i8".to_string(), "0".to_string()),
            Literal::Str { value } => {
                let g = self.intern_string("str", value);
                ("ptr".to_string(), format!("@{g}"))
            }
        };
        if val_ty != lty {
            return Err(CodegenError::Internal(format!(
                "const type mismatch: {} vs {}",
                lty, val_ty
            )));
        }
        self.header.push_str(&format!(
            "@ail_{name} = constant {ty} {val}\n",
            name = c.name,
            ty = lty,
            val = val,
        ));
        Ok(())
    }

    fn emit_fn(&mut self, f: &FnDef) -> Result<()> {
        let (param_tys, ret_ty) = match &f.ty {
            Type::Fn { params, ret, .. } => (params.clone(), (**ret).clone()),
            other => {
                return Err(CodegenError::NotFnType(
                    ailang_core::pretty::type_to_string(other),
                ));
            }
        };

        let llvm_param_tys: Vec<String> =
            param_tys.iter().map(llvm_type).collect::<Result<_>>()?;
        let llvm_ret = llvm_type(&ret_ty)?;

        self.locals.clear();
        self.counter = 0;

        let mut sig = format!("define {ret} @ail_{name}(", ret = llvm_ret, name = f.name);
        for (i, (pname, pty)) in f.params.iter().zip(llvm_param_tys.iter()).enumerate() {
            if i > 0 {
                sig.push_str(", ");
            }
            // SSA-Argumentname: %arg_<name>
            sig.push_str(&format!("{} %arg_{}", pty, pname));
            self.locals.push((
                pname.clone(),
                format!("%arg_{}", pname),
                pty.clone(),
            ));
        }
        sig.push_str(") {\n");
        self.body.push_str(&sig);
        self.start_block("entry");

        let (val, val_ty) = self.lower_term(&f.body)?;
        if val_ty != llvm_ret {
            return Err(CodegenError::Internal(format!(
                "fn `{}`: body type {val_ty} != return type {llvm_ret}",
                f.name
            )));
        }
        self.body
            .push_str(&format!("  ret {val_ty} {val}\n}}\n\n"));
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Lowert einen Term zu (SSA-Value-String, LLVM-Typ).
    fn lower_term(&mut self, t: &Term) -> Result<(String, String)> {
        match t {
            Term::Lit { lit } => Ok(match lit {
                Literal::Int { value } => (value.to_string(), "i64".into()),
                Literal::Bool { value } => (
                    if *value { "true".into() } else { "false".into() },
                    "i1".into(),
                ),
                Literal::Str { value } => {
                    // Globale Konstante anlegen; in opaque-pointer-LLVM
                    // ist `@name` direkt ein gültiger `ptr`.
                    let g = self.intern_string("str", value);
                    (format!("@{g}"), "ptr".into())
                }
                Literal::Unit => ("0".into(), "i8".into()),
            }),
            Term::Var { name } => {
                if let Some((_, ssa, ty)) = self.locals.iter().rev().find(|(n, _, _)| n == name) {
                    Ok((ssa.clone(), ty.clone()))
                } else {
                    Err(CodegenError::UnknownVar(name.clone()))
                }
            }
            Term::Let { name, value, body } => {
                let (val_ssa, val_ty) = self.lower_term(value)?;
                self.locals.push((name.clone(), val_ssa, val_ty));
                let r = self.lower_term(body);
                self.locals.pop();
                r
            }
            Term::If { cond, then, else_ } => {
                let (cond_v, cond_ty) = self.lower_term(cond)?;
                if cond_ty != "i1" {
                    return Err(CodegenError::Internal(format!(
                        "if cond not i1: {cond_ty}"
                    )));
                }
                let id = self.fresh_id();
                let then_lbl = format!("then.{id}");
                let else_lbl = format!("else.{id}");
                let join_lbl = format!("join.{id}");

                self.body.push_str(&format!(
                    "  br i1 {cond_v}, label %{then_lbl}, label %{else_lbl}\n"
                ));

                self.start_block(&then_lbl);
                let (then_v, then_ty) = self.lower_term(then)?;
                // Verschachtelter Code im `then`-Body kann das Block-Label
                // verändert haben — phi muss den letzten tatsächlichen Block sehen.
                let then_block_end = self.current_block.clone();
                self.body.push_str(&format!("  br label %{join_lbl}\n"));

                self.start_block(&else_lbl);
                let (else_v, else_ty) = self.lower_term(else_)?;
                if then_ty != else_ty {
                    return Err(CodegenError::Internal(format!(
                        "if branches type mismatch: {then_ty} vs {else_ty}"
                    )));
                }
                let else_block_end = self.current_block.clone();
                self.body.push_str(&format!("  br label %{join_lbl}\n"));

                self.start_block(&join_lbl);
                let phi = self.fresh_ssa();
                self.body.push_str(&format!(
                    "  {phi} = phi {ty} [ {tv}, %{tlbl} ], [ {ev}, %{elbl} ]\n",
                    ty = then_ty,
                    tv = then_v,
                    tlbl = then_block_end,
                    ev = else_v,
                    elbl = else_block_end,
                ));
                Ok((phi, then_ty))
            }
            Term::App { callee, args } => {
                let name = match callee.as_ref() {
                    Term::Var { name } => name.clone(),
                    _ => {
                        return Err(CodegenError::Internal(
                            "MVP: callee muss Variable sein".into(),
                        ));
                    }
                };
                self.lower_app(&name, args)
            }
            Term::Do { op, args } => self.lower_effect_op(op, args),
            Term::Ctor { type_name, ctor, args } => self.lower_ctor(type_name, ctor, args),
            Term::Match { scrutinee, arms } => self.lower_match(scrutinee, arms),
        }
    }

    /// Heap-Box-Layout: 8 Bytes Tag (i64) gefolgt von je 8 Bytes pro Feld.
    /// Auch i1- und i8-Felder belegen einen vollen 8-Byte-Slot — die typed
    /// load/store-Instruktionen schreiben/lesen nur die erforderliche Größe.
    fn lower_ctor(
        &mut self,
        type_name: &str,
        ctor_name: &str,
        args: &[Term],
    ) -> Result<(String, String)> {
        let cref = self
            .ctor_index
            .get(ctor_name)
            .cloned()
            .ok_or_else(|| {
                CodegenError::Internal(format!(
                    "unknown ctor `{ctor_name}`"
                ))
            })?;
        if cref.type_name != type_name {
            return Err(CodegenError::Internal(format!(
                "ctor `{ctor_name}` belongs to `{}`, not `{type_name}`",
                cref.type_name
            )));
        }
        if args.len() != cref.fields.len() {
            return Err(CodegenError::Internal(format!(
                "ctor `{type_name}/{ctor_name}` arity"
            )));
        }
        // Argumente vorab auswerten, damit Allocation und Store nahe beieinander
        // bleiben.
        let mut compiled = Vec::new();
        for (a, exp) in args.iter().zip(cref.fields.iter()) {
            let (v, vty) = self.lower_term(a)?;
            if &vty != exp {
                return Err(CodegenError::Internal(format!(
                    "ctor `{ctor_name}` field type {vty} != expected {exp}"
                )));
            }
            compiled.push((v, vty));
        }
        let size_bytes = 8 + (compiled.len() * 8) as i64;
        let p = self.fresh_ssa();
        self.body.push_str(&format!(
            "  {p} = call ptr @malloc(i64 {size_bytes})\n"
        ));
        // Tag schreiben.
        self.body.push_str(&format!(
            "  store i64 {tag}, ptr {p}, align 8\n",
            tag = cref.tag
        ));
        // Felder schreiben.
        for (i, (v, ty)) in compiled.iter().enumerate() {
            let off = 8 + i as i64 * 8;
            let addr = self.fresh_ssa();
            self.body.push_str(&format!(
                "  {addr} = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr {p}, i64 {off}\n"
            ));
            self.body
                .push_str(&format!("  store {ty} {v}, ptr {addr}, align 8\n"));
        }
        Ok((p, "ptr".into()))
    }

    fn lower_match(
        &mut self,
        scrutinee: &Term,
        arms: &[Arm],
    ) -> Result<(String, String)> {
        let (s_val, s_ty) = self.lower_term(scrutinee)?;
        if s_ty != "ptr" {
            return Err(CodegenError::Internal(format!(
                "match auf nicht-ADT scrutinee (got {s_ty}); MVP unterstützt nur ADTs"
            )));
        }

        // Tag laden.
        let tag = self.fresh_ssa();
        self.body
            .push_str(&format!("  {tag} = load i64, ptr {s_val}, align 8\n"));

        // Arms separieren.
        let mut ctor_arms: Vec<(CtorRef, &Arm, Vec<Option<String>>)> = Vec::new();
        let mut open_arm: Option<&Arm> = None;
        let mut open_var: Option<String> = None;
        for arm in arms {
            match &arm.pat {
                Pattern::Wild => {
                    open_arm = Some(arm);
                }
                Pattern::Var { name } => {
                    open_arm = Some(arm);
                    open_var = Some(name.clone());
                }
                Pattern::Ctor { ctor, fields } => {
                    let cref = self
                        .ctor_index
                        .get(ctor)
                        .cloned()
                        .ok_or_else(|| {
                            CodegenError::Internal(format!(
                                "unknown ctor in pattern: `{ctor}`"
                            ))
                        })?;
                    let bindings: Vec<Option<String>> = fields
                        .iter()
                        .map(|p| match p {
                            Pattern::Var { name } => Some(name.clone()),
                            Pattern::Wild => None,
                            _ => None, // MVP: nested ctor/lit patterns nicht supported
                        })
                        .collect();
                    ctor_arms.push((cref, arm, bindings));
                }
                Pattern::Lit { .. } => {
                    return Err(CodegenError::Internal(
                        "MVP: Lit-Patterns in Match nicht unterstützt".into(),
                    ));
                }
            }
        }

        let id = self.fresh_id();
        let join_lbl = format!("mjoin.{id}");
        let default_lbl = format!("mdefault.{id}");

        // switch
        let mut sw = format!(
            "  switch i64 {tag}, label %{default_lbl} [\n",
            tag = tag
        );
        let mut arm_labels: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
        for (i, (cref, _, _)) in ctor_arms.iter().enumerate() {
            let lbl = format!("marm.{id}.{i}");
            sw.push_str(&format!("    i64 {}, label %{}\n", cref.tag, lbl));
            arm_labels.push(lbl);
        }
        sw.push_str("  ]\n");
        self.body.push_str(&sw);

        let mut phi_inputs: Vec<(String, String)> = Vec::new(); // (value, block)
        let mut result_ty: Option<String> = None;

        for (i, (cref, arm, bindings)) in ctor_arms.iter().enumerate() {
            self.start_block(&arm_labels[i]);
            // Felder laden und als locals binden.
            let mut pushed = 0usize;
            for (idx, (binding, fty)) in
                bindings.iter().zip(cref.fields.iter()).enumerate()
            {
                if let Some(bname) = binding {
                    let off = 8 + idx as i64 * 8;
                    let addr = self.fresh_ssa();
                    self.body.push_str(&format!(
                        "  {addr} = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr {s_val}, i64 {off}\n"
                    ));
                    let v = self.fresh_ssa();
                    self.body.push_str(&format!(
                        "  {v} = load {fty}, ptr {addr}, align 8\n"
                    ));
                    self.locals
                        .push((bname.clone(), v, fty.clone()));
                    pushed += 1;
                }
            }
            let (val, vty) = self.lower_term(&arm.body)?;
            // bindings poppen
            for _ in 0..pushed {
                self.locals.pop();
            }
            phi_inputs.push((val, self.current_block.clone()));
            self.body
                .push_str(&format!("  br label %{join_lbl}\n"));
            if let Some(rt) = &result_ty {
                if rt != &vty {
                    return Err(CodegenError::Internal(format!(
                        "match arm result type {vty} != {rt}"
                    )));
                }
            } else {
                result_ty = Some(vty);
            }
        }

        // default-block
        self.start_block(&default_lbl);
        if let Some(arm) = open_arm {
            // ggf. var-binding einrichten
            let pushed = if let Some(name) = open_var.take() {
                self.locals.push((name, s_val.clone(), "ptr".into()));
                1
            } else {
                0
            };
            let (val, vty) = self.lower_term(&arm.body)?;
            for _ in 0..pushed {
                self.locals.pop();
            }
            phi_inputs.push((val, self.current_block.clone()));
            self.body
                .push_str(&format!("  br label %{join_lbl}\n"));
            if let Some(rt) = &result_ty {
                if rt != &vty {
                    return Err(CodegenError::Internal(format!(
                        "match default arm result type {vty} != {rt}"
                    )));
                }
            } else {
                result_ty = Some(vty);
            }
        } else {
            // Typchecker garantiert Exhaustiveness, also unreachable.
            self.body.push_str("  unreachable\n");
        }

        // join
        self.start_block(&join_lbl);
        let phi = self.fresh_ssa();
        let rt = result_ty.unwrap_or_else(|| "i64".into());
        let phi_args = phi_inputs
            .iter()
            .map(|(v, b)| format!("[ {v}, %{b} ]"))
            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
            .join(", ");
        self.body.push_str(&format!(
            "  {phi} = phi {rt} {phi_args}\n"
        ));
        Ok((phi, rt))
    }

    fn lower_app(&mut self, name: &str, args: &[Term]) -> Result<(String, String)> {
        // Built-in arithmetic / comparison.
        if let Some((instr, ret_ty)) = builtin_binop(name) {
            if args.len() != 2 {
                return Err(CodegenError::Internal(format!(
                    "builtin `{name}` expected 2 args"
                )));
            }
            let (a, _) = self.lower_term(&args[0])?;
            let (b, _) = self.lower_term(&args[1])?;
            let dst = self.fresh_ssa();
            self.body.push_str(&format!(
                "  {dst} = {instr} i64 {a}, {b}\n"
            ));
            return Ok((dst, ret_ty.into()));
        }
        if name == "not" {
            if args.len() != 1 {
                return Err(CodegenError::Internal("not arity".into()));
            }
            let (a, _) = self.lower_term(&args[0])?;
            let dst = self.fresh_ssa();
            self.body
                .push_str(&format!("  {dst} = xor i1 {a}, true\n"));
            return Ok((dst, "i1".into()));
        }

        // User-Funktion?
        if let Some(sig) = self.user_fns.get(name).cloned() {
            let mut compiled_args = Vec::new();
            for (a, exp_ty) in args.iter().zip(sig.params.iter()) {
                let (v, vty) = self.lower_term(a)?;
                if &vty != exp_ty {
                    return Err(CodegenError::Internal(format!(
                        "call `{name}` arg type mismatch: expected {exp_ty}, got {vty}"
                    )));
                }
                compiled_args.push((v, vty));
            }
            let arglist = compiled_args
                .iter()
                .map(|(v, t)| format!("{t} {v}"))
                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
                .join(", ");
            let dst = self.fresh_ssa();
            self.body.push_str(&format!(
                "  {dst} = call {ret} @ail_{name}({arglist})\n",
                ret = sig.ret,
            ));
            return Ok((dst, sig.ret));
        }

        Err(CodegenError::Internal(format!(
            "unknown callee: `{name}`"
        )))
    }

    fn lower_effect_op(&mut self, op: &str, args: &[Term]) -> Result<(String, String)> {
        match op {
            "io/print_int" => {
                if args.len() != 1 {
                    return Err(CodegenError::Internal(
                        "io/print_int arity".into(),
                    ));
                }
                let (v, vty) = self.lower_term(&args[0])?;
                if vty != "i64" {
                    return Err(CodegenError::Internal(
                        "io/print_int needs i64".into(),
                    ));
                }
                let fmt = self.intern_string("fmt_int", "%lld\n");
                self.body.push_str(&format!(
                    "  call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @{fmt}, i64 {v})\n"
                ));
                Ok(("0".into(), "i8".into()))
            }
            "io/print_str" => {
                if args.len() != 1 {
                    return Err(CodegenError::Internal(
                        "io/print_str arity".into(),
                    ));
                }
                let (v, vty) = self.lower_term(&args[0])?;
                if vty != "ptr" {
                    return Err(CodegenError::Internal(
                        "io/print_str needs ptr".into(),
                    ));
                }
                self.body
                    .push_str(&format!("  call i32 @puts(ptr {v})\n"));
                Ok(("0".into(), "i8".into()))
            }
            "io/print_bool" => {
                if args.len() != 1 {
                    return Err(CodegenError::Internal(
                        "io/print_bool arity".into(),
                    ));
                }
                let (v, vty) = self.lower_term(&args[0])?;
                if vty != "i1" {
                    return Err(CodegenError::Internal(
                        "io/print_bool needs i1".into(),
                    ));
                }
                // Drucke "true\n" oder "false\n".
                let fmt_t = self.intern_string("fmt_true", "true\n");
                let fmt_f = self.intern_string("fmt_false", "false\n");
                let id = self.fresh_id();
                let then_lbl = format!("ptbl_t.{id}");
                let else_lbl = format!("ptbl_f.{id}");
                let join_lbl = format!("ptbl_j.{id}");
                self.body.push_str(&format!(
                    "  br i1 {v}, label %{then_lbl}, label %{else_lbl}\n"
                ));
                self.start_block(&then_lbl);
                self.body.push_str(&format!(
                    "  call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @{fmt_t})\n"
                ));
                self.body.push_str(&format!("  br label %{join_lbl}\n"));
                self.start_block(&else_lbl);
                self.body.push_str(&format!(
                    "  call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @{fmt_f})\n"
                ));
                self.body.push_str(&format!("  br label %{join_lbl}\n"));
                self.start_block(&join_lbl);
                Ok(("0".into(), "i8".into()))
            }
            other => Err(CodegenError::Internal(format!(
                "unknown effect op: {other}"
            ))),
        }
    }

    fn fresh_ssa(&mut self) -> String {
        self.counter += 1;
        format!("%v{}", self.counter)
    }
    fn fresh_id(&mut self) -> u64 {
        self.counter += 1;
        self.counter
    }

    fn intern_string(&mut self, hint: &str, content: &str) -> String {
        if let Some((name, _)) = self.strings.get(content) {
            return name.clone();
        }
        let name = format!(".str_{}_{}", hint, self.str_counter);
        self.str_counter += 1;
        let len = c_byte_len(content);
        self.strings
            .insert(content.to_string(), (name.clone(), len));
        name
    }
}

fn llvm_type(t: &Type) -> Result<String> {
    match t {
        Type::Con { name } => match name.as_str() {
            "Int" => Ok("i64".into()),
            "Bool" => Ok("i1".into()),
            "Unit" => Ok("i8".into()),
            "Str" => Ok("ptr".into()),
            // Alle anderen Type-Namen werden als ADT (Boxed) behandelt.
            // Falls der Typchecker nicht vorher abgelehnt hat, ist das
            // beabsichtigt — sonst würde `ptr` einen falschen Wert maskieren.
            _ => Ok("ptr".into()),
        },
        other => Err(CodegenError::UnsupportedType(
            ailang_core::pretty::type_to_string(other),
        )),
    }
}

fn builtin_binop(name: &str) -> Option<(&'static str, &'static str)> {
    Some(match name {
        "+" => ("add", "i64"),
        "-" => ("sub", "i64"),
        "*" => ("mul", "i64"),
        "/" => ("sdiv", "i64"),
        "%" => ("srem", "i64"),
        "==" => ("icmp eq", "i1"),
        "!=" => ("icmp ne", "i1"),
        "<" => ("icmp slt", "i1"),
        "<=" => ("icmp sle", "i1"),
        ">" => ("icmp sgt", "i1"),
        ">=" => ("icmp sge", "i1"),
        _ => return None,
    })
}

fn c_byte_len(s: &str) -> usize {
    s.as_bytes().len() + 1 // + NUL
}

/// Escapt einen String für LLVM IR `c"..."`. Alle Bytes außerhalb von
/// 0x20..0x7E werden als `\HH` escapt; `"` und `\` ebenfalls. Endet mit `\00`.
fn default_triple() -> &'static str {
    // Im MVP fragen wir den Compile-Host. Für Cross-Compilation müsste man das
    // konfigurierbar machen — kein Bedarf jetzt.
    if cfg!(target_os = "linux") && cfg!(target_arch = "x86_64") {
        "x86_64-pc-linux-gnu"
    } else if cfg!(target_os = "macos") && cfg!(target_arch = "aarch64") {
        "arm64-apple-darwin"
    } else if cfg!(target_os = "macos") && cfg!(target_arch = "x86_64") {
        "x86_64-apple-darwin"
    } else if cfg!(target_arch = "aarch64") {
        "aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu"
    } else {
        "x86_64-pc-linux-gnu"
    }
}

fn ll_string_literal(s: &str) -> String {
    let mut out = String::new();
    for &b in s.as_bytes() {
        match b {
            b'"' => out.push_str("\\22"),
            b'\\' => out.push_str("\\5C"),
            0x20..=0x7E => out.push(b as char),
            _ => out.push_str(&format!("\\{:02X}", b)),
        }
    }
    out.push_str("\\00");
    out
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use ailang_core::SCHEMA;

    #[test]
    fn emits_arith_fn() {
        let m = Module {
            schema: SCHEMA.into(),
            name: "t".into(),
            imports: vec![],
            defs: vec![Def::Fn(FnDef {
                name: "add".into(),
                ty: Type::Fn {
                    params: vec![Type::int(), Type::int()],
                    ret: Box::new(Type::int()),
                    effects: vec![],
                },
                params: vec!["a".into(), "b".into()],
                body: Term::App {
                    callee: Box::new(Term::Var { name: "+".into() }),
                    args: vec![
                        Term::Var { name: "a".into() },
                        Term::Var { name: "b".into() },
                    ],
                },
                doc: None,
            })],
        };
        let ir = emit_ir(&m).unwrap();
        assert!(ir.contains("define i64 @ail_add(i64 %arg_a, i64 %arg_b)"));
        assert!(ir.contains("add i64 %arg_a, %arg_b"));
    }
}