MycLib/Src/AST/Myc.Ast.Types.pas

unit Myc.Ast.Types;

interface

uses
    System.SysUtils,
    System.Generics.Collections,
    Myc.Data.Scalar;

type
    IStaticType = interface;

    // Defines the categories of types available in the language.
    TStaticTypeKind = (
        stUnknown, // Used during inference before a type is known
        stVoid,
        stOrdinal, // Int64
        stFloat, // Double
        stText,
        stMethod,
        stSeries,
        stRecord,
        stRecordSeries
    );

    TStaticTypeKindHelper = record helper for TStaticTypeKind
    public
        function ToString: string;
    end;

    // Defines the signature of a method
    IMethodSignature = interface
        {$region 'private'}
        function GetParamTypes: TArray<IStaticType>;
        function GetReturnType: IStaticType;
        {$endregion}
        property ParamTypes: TArray<IStaticType> read GetParamTypes;
        property ReturnType: IStaticType read GetReturnType;
    end;

    // Represents a complete static type definition.
    IStaticType = interface
        {$region 'private'}
        function GetKind: TStaticTypeKind;
        function GetElementType: IStaticType;
        function GetSignature: IMethodSignature;
        function GetDefinition: TScalarRecordDefinition;
        {$endregion}

        // The kind of type (e.g., Ordinal, Series, etc.)
        property Kind: TStaticTypeKind read GetKind;
        // The element type (if Kind = stSeries)
        property ElementType: IStaticType read GetElementType;
        // The signature (if Kind = stMethod)
        property Signature: IMethodSignature read GetSignature;
        // The definition (if Kind = stRecord or stRecordSeries)
        property Definition: TScalarRecordDefinition read GetDefinition;

        // Checks for type equality
        function IsEqual(const Other: IStaticType): Boolean;
        function ToString: string;
    end;

    ETypeException = class(Exception);

    // Factory and Flyweight access for static types.
    // Use this record to create or access all IStaticType instances.
    TTypes = record
    private
        class var
            FUnknown: IStaticType;
        class var
            FVoid: IStaticType;
        class var
            FOrdinal: IStaticType;
        class var
            FFloat: IStaticType;
        class var
            FText: IStaticType;
        class constructor Create;
    public
        // Flyweight accessors for simple types
        class property Unknown: IStaticType read FUnknown;
        class property Void: IStaticType read FVoid;
        class property Ordinal: IStaticType read FOrdinal;
        class property Float: IStaticType read FFloat;
        class property Text: IStaticType read FText;

        // Factory functions for complex types
        class function CreateSeries(const AElementType: IStaticType): IStaticType; static;
        class function CreateMethod(const AParamTypes: TArray<IStaticType>; const AReturnType: IStaticType): IStaticType; static;
        class function CreateRecord(const ADef: TScalarRecordDefinition): IStaticType; static;
        class function CreateRecordSeries(const ADef: TScalarRecordDefinition): IStaticType; static;

        class function FromScalarKind(AKind: TScalar.TKind): IStaticType; static;
    end;

    // Defines the rules of the type system.
    TTypeRules = record
    public
        class function Promote(const A, B: IStaticType): IStaticType; static;

        // Checks if a value of type 'Source' can be assigned to 'Target'.
        class function CanAssign(const Target, Source: IStaticType): Boolean; static;
        // Determines the result type of a binary operation.
        // Raises ETypeException on failure.
        class function ResolveBinaryOp(Op: TScalar.TBinaryOp; const Left, Right: IStaticType): IStaticType; static;
        // Determines the result type of a unary operation.
        class function ResolveUnaryOp(Op: TScalar.TUnaryOp; const Right: IStaticType): IStaticType; static;
    end;

implementation

uses
    System.Generics.Defaults;

{ TStaticTypeKindHelper }

function TStaticTypeKindHelper.ToString: string;
begin
    case Self of
        stUnknown: Result := 'Unknown';
        stVoid: Result := 'Void';
        stOrdinal: Result := 'Ordinal';
        stFloat: Result := 'Float';
        stText: Result := 'Text';
        stMethod: Result := 'Method';
        stSeries: Result := 'Series';
        stRecord: Result := 'Record';
        stRecordSeries: Result := 'RecordSeries';
    else
        Result := 'ErrorType';
    end;
end;

// --- Abstract Base Implementation ---

type
    TAbstractStaticType = class(TInterfacedObject, IStaticType)
    protected
        // IStaticType (default implementations for non-applicable properties)
        function GetKind: TStaticTypeKind; virtual; abstract;
        function GetElementType: IStaticType; virtual;
        function GetSignature: IMethodSignature; virtual;
        function GetDefinition: TScalarRecordDefinition; virtual;
        function IsEqual(const Other: IStaticType): Boolean; virtual;
        function ToString: string; override;
    end;

function TAbstractStaticType.GetElementType: IStaticType;
begin
    Result := nil;
end;

function TAbstractStaticType.GetSignature: IMethodSignature;
begin
    Result := nil;
end;

function TAbstractStaticType.GetDefinition: TScalarRecordDefinition;
begin
    // Return an empty/invalid definition
    Result := Default(TScalarRecordDefinition);
end;

function TAbstractStaticType.IsEqual(const Other: IStaticType): Boolean;
begin
    // Default implementation: types are equal if their kinds are equal.
    // Complex types (Series, Record, Method) MUST override this.
    if not Assigned(Other) then
        exit(False);
    Result := (GetKind = Other.Kind);
end;

function TAbstractStaticType.ToString: string;
begin
    Result := GetKind.ToString;
end;

// --- Simple (Flyweight) Type Implementations ---

type
    TSimpleStaticType = class(TAbstractStaticType)
    private
        FKind: TStaticTypeKind;
    public
        constructor Create(AKind: TStaticTypeKind);
        function GetKind: TStaticTypeKind; override;
    end;

constructor TSimpleStaticType.Create(AKind: TStaticTypeKind);
begin
    inherited Create;
    FKind := AKind;
end;

function TSimpleStaticType.GetKind: TStaticTypeKind;
begin
    Result := FKind;
end;

// --- Complex Type Implementations ---

type
    TSeriesType = class(TAbstractStaticType)
    private
        FElementType: IStaticType;
    public
        constructor Create(AElementType: IStaticType);
        function GetKind: TStaticTypeKind; override;
        function GetElementType: IStaticType; override;
        function IsEqual(const Other: IStaticType): Boolean; override;
        function ToString: string; override;
    end;

constructor TSeriesType.Create(AElementType: IStaticType);
begin
    inherited Create;
    FElementType := AElementType;
end;

function TSeriesType.GetKind: TStaticTypeKind;
begin
    Result := stSeries;
end;

function TSeriesType.GetElementType: IStaticType;
begin
    Result := FElementType;
end;

function TSeriesType.IsEqual(const Other: IStaticType): Boolean;
begin
    Result := (Assigned(Other)) and (Other.Kind = stSeries) and (Self.FElementType.IsEqual(Other.ElementType));
end;

function TSeriesType.ToString: string;
begin
    Result := 'Series<' + FElementType.ToString + '>';
end;

// ---
type
    TMethodSignature = class(TInterfacedObject, IMethodSignature)
    private
        FParamTypes: TArray<IStaticType>;
        FReturnType: IStaticType;
        function GetParamTypes: TArray<IStaticType>;
        function GetReturnType: IStaticType;
    public
        constructor Create(const AParamTypes: TArray<IStaticType>; const AReturnType: IStaticType);
    end;

constructor TMethodSignature.Create(const AParamTypes: TArray<IStaticType>; const AReturnType: IStaticType);
begin
    inherited Create;
    FParamTypes := AParamTypes;
    FReturnType := AReturnType;
end;

function TMethodSignature.GetParamTypes: TArray<IStaticType>;
begin
    Result := FParamTypes;
end;

function TMethodSignature.GetReturnType: IStaticType;
begin
    Result := FReturnType;
end;

// ---
type
    TMethodType = class(TAbstractStaticType)
    private
        FSignature: IMethodSignature;
    public
        constructor Create(AParamTypes: TArray<IStaticType>; AReturnType: IStaticType);
        function GetKind: TStaticTypeKind; override;
        function GetSignature: IMethodSignature; override;
        function IsEqual(const Other: IStaticType): Boolean; override;
        function ToString: string; override;
    end;

constructor TMethodType.Create(AParamTypes: TArray<IStaticType>; AReturnType: IStaticType);
begin
    inherited Create;
    FSignature := TMethodSignature.Create(AParamTypes, AReturnType);
end;

function TMethodType.GetKind: TStaticTypeKind;
begin
    Result := stMethod;
end;

function TMethodType.GetSignature: IMethodSignature;
begin
    Result := FSignature;
end;

function TMethodType.IsEqual(const Other: IStaticType): Boolean;
var
    i: Integer;
begin
    if (not Assigned(Other)) or (Other.Kind <> stMethod) then
        exit(False);

    var otherSig := Other.Signature;
    if not Self.FSignature.ReturnType.IsEqual(otherSig.ReturnType) then
        exit(False);

    if Length(Self.FSignature.ParamTypes) <> Length(otherSig.ParamTypes) then
        exit(False);

    for i := 0 to High(Self.FSignature.ParamTypes) do
    begin
        if not Self.FSignature.ParamTypes[i].IsEqual(otherSig.ParamTypes[i]) then
            exit(False);
    end;

    Result := True;
end;

function TMethodType.ToString: string;
var
    i: Integer;
    paramStr: string;
begin
    paramStr := '';
    for i := 0 to High(FSignature.ParamTypes) do
    begin
        paramStr := paramStr + FSignature.ParamTypes[i].ToString;
        if i < High(FSignature.ParamTypes) then
            paramStr := paramStr + ', ';
    end;
    Result := Format('Method(%s): %s', [paramStr, FSignature.ReturnType.ToString]);
end;

// ---
type
    TRecordType = class(TAbstractStaticType)
    private
        FKind: TStaticTypeKind;
        FDefinition: TScalarRecordDefinition;
    public
        constructor Create(AKind: TStaticTypeKind; ADef: TScalarRecordDefinition);
        function GetKind: TStaticTypeKind; override;
        function GetDefinition: TScalarRecordDefinition; override;
        function IsEqual(const Other: IStaticType): Boolean; override;
        function ToString: string; override;
    end;

constructor TRecordType.Create(AKind: TStaticTypeKind; ADef: TScalarRecordDefinition);
begin
    inherited Create;
    Assert(AKind in [stRecord, stRecordSeries]);
    FKind := AKind;
    FDefinition := ADef;
end;

function TRecordType.GetKind: TStaticTypeKind;
begin
    Result := FKind;
end;

function TRecordType.GetDefinition: TScalarRecordDefinition;
begin
    Result := FDefinition;
end;

function TRecordType.IsEqual(const Other: IStaticType): Boolean;
var
    i: Integer;
begin
    if (not Assigned(Other)) or (Other.Kind <> GetKind) then
        exit(False);

    var otherDef := Other.Definition;
    if Length(Self.FDefinition.Fields) <> Length(otherDef.Fields) then
        exit(False);

    for i := 0 to High(Self.FDefinition.Fields) do
    begin
        if (Self.FDefinition.Fields[i].Name <> otherDef.Fields[i].Name) or (Self.FDefinition.Fields[i].Kind <> otherDef.Fields[i].Kind) then
            exit(False);
    end;

    Result := True;
end;

function TRecordType.ToString: string;
var
    i: Integer;
begin
    Result := GetKind.ToString + '{';
    for i := 0 to High(FDefinition.Fields) do
    begin
        Result := Result + FDefinition.Fields[i].Name + ': ' + FDefinition.Fields[i].Kind.ToString;
        if i < High(FDefinition.Fields) then
            Result := Result + ', ';
    end;
    Result := Result + '}';
end;

{ TTypes (Factory) }

class constructor TTypes.Create;
begin
    // Create the flyweight singletons
    FUnknown := TSimpleStaticType.Create(stUnknown);
    FVoid := TSimpleStaticType.Create(stVoid);
    FOrdinal := TSimpleStaticType.Create(stOrdinal);
    FFloat := TSimpleStaticType.Create(stFloat);
    FText := TSimpleStaticType.Create(stText);
end;

class function TTypes.CreateMethod(const AParamTypes: TArray<IStaticType>; const AReturnType: IStaticType): IStaticType;
begin
    Result := TMethodType.Create(AParamTypes, AReturnType);
end;

class function TTypes.CreateRecord(const ADef: TScalarRecordDefinition): IStaticType;
begin
    Result := TRecordType.Create(stRecord, ADef);
end;

class function TTypes.CreateRecordSeries(const ADef: TScalarRecordDefinition): IStaticType;
begin
    Result := TRecordType.Create(stRecordSeries, ADef);
end;

class function TTypes.CreateSeries(const AElementType: IStaticType): IStaticType;
begin
    Result := TSeriesType.Create(AElementType);
end;

class function TTypes.FromScalarKind(AKind: TScalar.TKind): IStaticType;
begin
    case AKind of
        TScalar.TKind.Ordinal: Result := FOrdinal;
        TScalar.TKind.Float: Result := FFloat;
    else
        raise ETypeException.Create('Cannot convert invalid TScalar.TKind to TStaticType.');
    end;
end;

{ TTypeRules }

class function TTypeRules.CanAssign(const Target, Source: IStaticType): Boolean;
begin
    if (not Assigned(Target)) or (not Assigned(Source)) then
        exit(False);

    // During inference, allow assignment involving Unknown
    if (Target.Kind = stUnknown) or (Source.Kind = stUnknown) then
        exit(True);

    if Target.IsEqual(Source) then
        exit(True);

    // Allow assigning an integer (Ordinal) to a float variable.
    if (Target.Kind = stFloat) and (Source.Kind = stOrdinal) then
        exit(True);

    if (Target.Kind = stVoid) and (Source.Kind = stMethod) then
        exit(True);

    // TODO: Implement full assignment compatibility rules (e.g., for records/series)

    Result := False;
end;

class function TTypeRules.Promote(const A, B: IStaticType): IStaticType;
begin
    // Handle Unknown: If one is Unknown, the result is the other type.
    if A.Kind = stUnknown then
        exit(B);
    if B.Kind = stUnknown then
        exit(A);

    // all operations involving void result void
    if (A.Kind = stVoid) or (B.Kind = stVoid) then
        exit(TTypes.Void);

    // Standard Numeric promotion rule: Float wins
    if (A.Kind = stFloat) and (B.Kind = stFloat) then
        exit(TTypes.Float);
    if (A.Kind = stFloat) and (B.Kind = stOrdinal) then
        exit(TTypes.Float);
    if (A.Kind = stOrdinal) and (B.Kind = stFloat) then
        exit(TTypes.Float);
    if (A.Kind = stOrdinal) and (B.Kind = stOrdinal) then
        exit(TTypes.Ordinal);

    // If types are identical and not numeric, return that type (e.g. Text + Text might be valid later)
    if A.IsEqual(B) then
        exit(A);

    // Cannot promote other combinations during basic inference
    raise ETypeException.CreateFmt('Cannot promote types %s and %s', [A.ToString, B.ToString]);
end;

class function TTypeRules.ResolveBinaryOp(Op: TScalar.TBinaryOp; const Left, Right: IStaticType): IStaticType;
var
    promotedType: IStaticType;
    promotedKind: TStaticTypeKind;
begin
    // 1. Determine the effective type after promotion, handling Unknown.
    try
        promotedType := Promote(Left, Right);
    except
        // If promotion fails (e.g., Text and Ordinal), the operation is invalid.
        on E: ETypeException do
            raise ETypeException.CreateFmt(
                'Operator %s cannot be applied to %s and %s (promotion failed: %s)',
                [Op.ToString, Left.ToString, Right.ToString, E.Message]);
    end;

    // If promotion results in Unknown, the result type is also Unknown for now.
    if promotedType.Kind = stUnknown then
        exit(TTypes.Unknown);

    // 2. Check if the operator is valid for the promoted type.
    promotedKind := promotedType.Kind;

    case Op of
        TScalar.TBinaryOp.Add, TScalar.TBinaryOp.Subtract, TScalar.TBinaryOp.Multiply:
        begin
            // Numeric operations require Ordinal or Float
            if not (promotedKind in [stOrdinal, stFloat]) then
                raise ETypeException
                    .CreateFmt('Operator %s requires Ordinal or Float, but got %s after promotion', [Op.ToString, promotedType.ToString]);
            Result := promotedType; // Result has the promoted type
        end;

        TScalar.TBinaryOp.Divide:
        begin
            // Division requires Ordinal or Float, but *always* results in Float
            if not (promotedKind in [stOrdinal, stFloat]) then
                raise ETypeException
                    .CreateFmt('Operator %s requires Ordinal or Float, but got %s after promotion', [Op.ToString, promotedType.ToString]);
            Result := TTypes.Float;
        end;

        TScalar.TBinaryOp.Equal,
        TScalar.TBinaryOp.NotEqual,
        TScalar.TBinaryOp.Less,
        TScalar.TBinaryOp.Greater,
        TScalar.TBinaryOp.LessOrEqual,
        TScalar.TBinaryOp.GreaterOrEqual:
        begin
            // Comparison requires Ordinal or Float, but *always* results in Ordinal (boolean)
            if not (promotedKind in [stOrdinal, stFloat]) then
                raise ETypeException.CreateFmt(
                    'Comparison operator %s requires Ordinal or Float, but got %s after promotion',
                    [Op.ToString, promotedType.ToString]);
            Result := TTypes.Ordinal;
        end;
    else
        raise ETypeException.Create('Unknown binary operator for type resolution.');
    end;
end;

class function TTypeRules.ResolveUnaryOp(Op: TScalar.TUnaryOp; const Right: IStaticType): IStaticType;
var
    rightKind: TStaticTypeKind;
begin
    rightKind := Right.Kind;

    // If operand is Unknown, result is Unknown.
    if rightKind = stUnknown then
        exit(TTypes.Unknown);

    case Op of
        TScalar.TUnaryOp.Negate:
        begin
            if not (rightKind in [stOrdinal, stFloat]) then
                raise ETypeException.CreateFmt('Unary negation cannot be applied to %s', [Right.ToString]);
            Result := Right; // Negation preserves type
        end;

        TScalar.TUnaryOp.Not:
        begin
            if not (rightKind = stOrdinal) then
                raise ETypeException.CreateFmt('Logical not cannot be applied to %s', [Right.ToString]);
            Result := TTypes.Ordinal;
        end;
    else
        raise ETypeException.Create('Unknown unary operator for type resolution.');
    end;
end;

end.