Refactor Binder to use simpler types

The Binder has been refactored to simplify its internal types and reduce
redundancy.
Key changes include:
- Removed StaticType from LocalInfo, as it's not strictly needed for the
  binder.
- Simplified `define` in CompilerScope to not take a StaticType.
- Removed StaticType from upvalues in FunctionCompiler.
- Adjusted global mappings to store only the index, not the type.
- Updated BoundKind to use a generic type parameter `T` for metadata,
  defaulting to `()` for untyped bound nodes.
- Introduced `BoundNode` and `TypedNode` type aliases for clarity.
- Minor adjustments to dumper and VM to accommodate the new generic
  BoundKind.

src/integration_test.rs

@@ -80,9 +80,12 @@ mod tests {
         let mut binder = Binder::new(globals.clone());
         let bound_ast = binder.bind(&ast).expect("Failed to bind");
 
+        // BRIDGE: Binder -> VM requires a TypedNode
+        let typed_ast = crate::ast::environment::dummy_type_check(bound_ast);
+
         let vm_globals = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Vec::new()));
         let mut vm = VM::new(vm_globals);
-        let result = vm.run(&bound_ast);
+        let result = vm.run(&typed_ast);
 
         match result {
             Ok(Value::Int(val)) => assert_eq!(val, 20, "Closure should modify outer variable"),