feat: Add type checking to the compiler

Introduces the `TypeChecker` struct and its associated `TypeContext` for
performing static type analysis on the abstract syntax tree.

This change includes:
- A new `type_checker.rs` module.
- Integration of `TypeChecker` into the `Environment::compile` method.
- Updates to `Environment` to manage global types.
- Renaming `bound_nodes.rs`'s `BoundNode` to `TypedNode` to reflect its
  type-checked nature.
- Refinements in binder and macro expansion to accommodate type
  information.

src/ast/compiler/mod.rs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ pub mod tco;
 pub mod upvalues;
 pub mod dumper;
 pub mod macros;
+pub mod type_checker;
 
 pub use binder::*;
 pub use bound_nodes::*;
@@ -11,3 +12,4 @@ pub use tco::*;
 pub use upvalues::*;
 pub use dumper::*;
 pub use macros::*;
+pub use type_checker::*;