feat: Add type checking to the compiler

Introduces the `TypeChecker` struct and its associated `TypeContext` for
performing static type analysis on the abstract syntax tree.

This change includes:
- A new `type_checker.rs` module.
- Integration of `TypeChecker` into the `Environment::compile` method.
- Updates to `Environment` to manage global types.
- Renaming `bound_nodes.rs`'s `BoundNode` to `TypedNode` to reflect its
  type-checked nature.
- Refinements in binder and macro expansion to accommodate type
  information.

src/ast/vm.rs

@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@ use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::any::Any;
 use crate::ast::compiler::bound_nodes::{Address, BoundKind, TypedNode};
-use crate::ast::nodes::Node;
-use crate::ast::types::{Value, Object, StaticType};
+use crate::ast::types::{Value, Object};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct Closure {
@@ -455,7 +454,8 @@ impl VM {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use crate::ast::types::{SourceLocation, NodeIdentity};
+    use crate::ast::nodes::Node;
+    use crate::ast::types::{SourceLocation, NodeIdentity, StaticType};
 
     fn make_dummy_identity() -> Rc<NodeIdentity> {
         Rc::new(NodeIdentity {