Refactoring TFuture

Src/Myc.Core.Futures.pas

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ constructor TMycInitStateFuncFuture<T>.Create( const ATaskManager: IMycTaskManag
 begin
     inherited Create;
 
-    FDone := State.CreateLatch( 1 );
+    FDone := TState.CreateLatch( 1 );
 
     // Subscribe the job execution to AGate.
     // The job will run when AGate notifies the subscriber returned by Run.

Src/Myc.Core.Tasks.pas

@@ -138,6 +138,8 @@ begin
     end;
     for var i := 0 to High(FWorkThreads) do
         FWorkThreads[i].Start;
+
+    FWaitSemaphores.Push( TSemaphore.Create(nil, 0, 1, '') );
 end;
 
 destructor TMycTaskFactory.Destroy;
@@ -147,6 +149,9 @@ begin
     for var i := High(FWorkThreads) downto 0 do
         FWorkThreads[i].Free;
 
+    if Assigned(FException) then
+        FException.Free;
+
     FWorkGate.Free;
     FWorkStack.Clear;
     inherited Destroy;

Src/Myc.Futures.pas

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ type
         property Done: IMycState read GetDone;
     end;
 
-    Future<T> = record
+    TFuture<T> = record
     strict private
         FFuture: IMycFuture<T>;
         function GetDone: IMycState; inline;
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ type
 
     public
         constructor Create(const AFuture: IMycFuture<T>);
-        class operator Implicit(const A: IMycFuture<T>): Future<T>; overload;
+        class operator Implicit(const A: IMycFuture<T>): TFuture<T>; overload;
-        class operator Implicit(const A: Future<T>): IMycFuture<T>; overload;
+        class operator Implicit(const A: TFuture<T>): IMycFuture<T>; overload;
 
         class function Construct(const Proc: TFunc<T>): IMycFuture<T>; overload; static;
         class function Construct(const Gate: IMycState; const Proc: TFunc<T>): IMycFuture<T>; overload; static;
@@ -49,64 +49,64 @@ implementation
 uses
     Myc.Core.Futures, Myc.Core.Tasks;
 
-constructor Future<T>.Create(const AFuture: IMycFuture<T>);
+constructor TFuture<T>.Create(const AFuture: IMycFuture<T>);
 begin
     FFuture := AFuture;
 end;
 
-class constructor Future<T>.CreateClass;
+class constructor TFuture<T>.CreateClass;
 begin
     TMycTaskFactory.AquireTaskManager;
 end;
 
-class destructor Future<T>.DestroyClass;
+class destructor TFuture<T>.DestroyClass;
 begin
     TMycTaskFactory.ReleaseTaskManager;
 end;
 
-function Future<T>.Chain<S>(const Proc: TFunc<T, S>): IMycFuture<S>;
+function TFuture<T>.Chain<S>(const Proc: TFunc<T, S>): IMycFuture<S>;
 begin
     var Cap := FFuture;
 
-    Result := Future<S>.Construct( FFuture.Done,
+    Result := TFuture<S>.Construct( FFuture.Done,
         function: S
         begin
             Result := Proc( Cap.Result );
         end );
 end;
 
-class function Future<T>.Construct(const Proc: TFunc<T>): IMycFuture<T>;
+class function TFuture<T>.Construct(const Proc: TFunc<T>): IMycFuture<T>;
 begin
     Result := TMycInitStateFuncFuture<T>.Create( TaskManager, nil, Proc );
 end;
 
-class function Future<T>.Construct(const Gate: IMycState; const Proc: TFunc<T>): IMycFuture<T>;
+class function TFuture<T>.Construct(const Gate: IMycState; const Proc: TFunc<T>): IMycFuture<T>;
 begin
     Result := TMycInitStateFuncFuture<T>.Create( TaskManager, Gate, Proc );
 end;
 
-function Future<T>.GetDone: IMycState;
+function TFuture<T>.GetDone: IMycState;
 begin
     Result := FFuture.Done;
 end;
 
-function Future<T>.GetResult: T;
+function TFuture<T>.GetResult: T;
 begin
     Result := FFuture.Result;
 end;
 
-function Future<T>.WaitFor: T;
+function TFuture<T>.WaitFor: T;
 begin
     TaskManager.WaitFor( FFuture.Done );
     Result := FFuture.Result;
 end;
 
-class operator Future<T>.Implicit(const A: IMycFuture<T>): Future<T>;
+class operator TFuture<T>.Implicit(const A: IMycFuture<T>): TFuture<T>;
 begin
     Result.Create( A );
 end;
 
-class operator Future<T>.Implicit(const A: Future<T>): IMycFuture<T>;
+class operator TFuture<T>.Implicit(const A: TFuture<T>): IMycFuture<T>;
 begin
     Result := A.FFuture;
 end;

Src/Myc.Signals.pas

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ uses
 
 type
     IMycSubscriber = interface
-        // Interface for an entity that can be notified by a State or State.
+        // Interface for an entity that can be notified by a TState or TState.
         // Returns true if this subscriber expects further notifications from the source, false otherwise.
         function Notify: Boolean;
     end;
@@ -21,21 +21,21 @@ type
         function GetState: IMycState;
     public
         constructor Create( const AState: IMycState; ATag: Pointer );
-        // Unsubscribes from the associated State.
+        // Unsubscribes from the associated TState.
         procedure Unsubscribe;
         class operator Initialize( out Dest: TMycSubscription );
-        property State: IMycState read GetState;
+        property TState: IMycState read GetState;
     end;
 
     IMycState = interface
-        // Represents a subscribable state that can be queried.
+        // Represents a subscribable TState that can be queried.
         {$REGION 'property access'}
         function GetIsSet: Boolean;
         {$ENDREGION}
-        // Subscribes a given subscriber to this State.
+        // Subscribes a given subscriber to this TState.
         function Subscribe( Subscriber: IMycSubscriber ): TMycSubscription;
         procedure Unsubscribe( Tag: Pointer );
-        // IsSet is true if the state has been reached or the condition is met.
+        // IsSet is true if the TState has been reached or the condition is met.
         property IsSet: Boolean read GetIsSet;
     end;
 
@@ -48,25 +48,29 @@ type
         // Inherits IMycSubscriber and State property from IMycFlag. No new members.
     end;
 
-    // IMycDirty represents a resettable flag, typically indicating if a state is "dirty" (requiring attention) or "clean".
+    // IMycDirty represents a resettable flag, typically indicating if a State is "dirty" (requiring attention) or "clean".
-    // It inherits from IMycFlag, meaning it has a state, can be notified, and subscribed to.
+    // It inherits from IMycFlag, meaning it has a State, can be notified, and subscribed to.
     IMycDirty = interface( IMycSubscriber )
         // Provides access to the IMycState interface of the flag.
         function GetState: IMycState;
-        // Resets the flag to its "clean" (not set / not dirty) state.
+        // Resets the flag to its "clean" (not set / not dirty) State.
         // Returns true if the flag was actually dirty before this reset, false otherwise.
         function Reset: Boolean;
         property State: IMycState read GetState;
     end;
 
-    State = record
+    TState = record
     private
+        FState: IMycState;
         class function GetNull: IMycState; static;
     public
+        constructor Create(const AState: IMycState);
         class function CreateLatch( Count: Integer ): IMycLatch; static;
         class function CreateDirty: IMycDirty; static;
         class function All( const States: TArray<IMycState> ): IMycState; static;
         class function Any( const States: TArray<IMycState> ): IMycState; static;
+        class operator Implicit(const A: IMycState): TState; overload;
+        class operator Implicit(const A: TState): IMycState; overload;
         class property Null: IMycState read GetNull;
     end;
 
@@ -103,14 +107,21 @@ begin
     Dest.FTag := nil;
 end;
 
-{ State }
+{ TState }
 
-class function State.CreateLatch( Count: Integer ): IMycLatch;
+constructor TState.Create(const AState: IMycState);
+begin
+    FState := AState;
+    if not Assigned(FState) then
+        FState := TMycState.Null;
+end;
+
+class function TState.CreateLatch( Count: Integer ): IMycLatch;
 begin
     Result := TMycLatch.CreateLatch( Count );
 end;
 
-class function State.All( const States: TArray<IMycState> ): IMycState;
+class function TState.All( const States: TArray<IMycState> ): IMycState;
 var
     Latch: IMycLatch;
 begin
@@ -120,13 +131,13 @@ begin
     Result := Latch.State;
 end;
 
-class function State.Any( const States: TArray<IMycState> ): IMycState;
+class function TState.Any( const States: TArray<IMycState> ): IMycState;
 var
     Latch: IMycLatch;
 begin
     if Length( States ) = 0 then
     begin
-        Result := State.Null;
+        Result := TState.Null;
     end
     else
     begin
@@ -137,14 +148,24 @@ begin
     end;
 end;
 
-class function State.CreateDirty: IMycDirty;
+class function TState.CreateDirty: IMycDirty;
 begin
     Result := TMycDirty.CreateDirty;
 end;
 
-class function State.GetNull: IMycState;
+class function TState.GetNull: IMycState;
 begin
     Result := TMycState.Null;
 end;
 
+class operator TState.Implicit(const A: TState): IMycState;
+begin
+    Result := A.FState;
+end;
+
+class operator TState.Implicit(const A: IMycState): TState;
+begin
+    Result.Create( A );
+end;
+
 end.

Src/Myc.TaskManager.pas

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ uses
 
 type
     IMycTaskManager = interface
+        // TOD Dokumentation
         function CreateTask( const Gate: IMycState; const Proc: TProc ): TMycSubscription;
 
         // Waits for the operation associated with State to complete.
@@ -21,6 +22,69 @@ type
 var
     TaskManager: IMycTaskManager;
 
+procedure SetupTaskManagerMock;
+
 implementation
 
+uses
+    System.Generics.Collections;
+
+type
+    TMycExecMock = class(TInterfacedObject, IMycSubscriber)
+    private
+        FProc: TProc;
+    public
+        constructor Create(const AProc: TProc);
+        function Notify: Boolean;
+    end;
+
+    TMycTaskManagerMock = class(TInterfacedObject, IMycTaskManager)
+    public
+        // IMycTaskManager
+        function CreateTask(const Gate: IMycState; const Proc: TProc): TMycSubscription;
+        procedure WaitFor(State: IMycState);
+
+        constructor Create;
+    end;
+
+{ TMycExecMock }
+
+constructor TMycExecMock.Create(const AProc: TProc);
+begin
+    inherited Create;
+    FProc := AProc;
+end;
+
+function TMycExecMock.Notify: Boolean;
+begin
+    if Assigned(FProc) then
+    begin
+        FProc();
+        FProc := nil;
+    end;
+end;
+
+{ TMycTaskManagerMock }
+
+constructor TMycTaskManagerMock.Create;
+begin
+    inherited Create;
+end;
+
+function TMycTaskManagerMock.CreateTask(const Gate: IMycState; const Proc: TProc): TMycSubscription;
+begin
+    var s: IMycState := TState(Gate);
+    Result := s.Subscribe( TMycExecMock.Create( Proc ) );
+end;
+
+procedure TMycTaskManagerMock.WaitFor(State: IMycState);
+begin
+    Assert( State.IsSet );
+end;
+
+procedure SetupTaskManagerMock;
+begin
+    TaskManager := TMycTaskManagerMock.Create;
+end;
+
 end.

Test/TestCoreFutures.pas

@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ const
   CExpectedResult = 42;
 begin
   // Use TMycLatch.Null for an already set init state [cite: 71, 81, 206, 216, 324, 334]
-  LInitStateAsState := State.Null;
+  LInitStateAsState := TState.Null;
 
   LFuture := TMycInitStateFuncFuture<Integer>.Create(FTaskFactory, LInitStateAsState,
     function: Integer
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ var
 const
   CExpectedResult = 'ChainCompleted';
 begin
-  LInitLatch := State.CreateLatch(1); // Create an init state that is not yet set [cite: 77, 212, 330]
+  LInitLatch := TState.CreateLatch(1); // Create an init state that is not yet set [cite: 77, 212, 330]
 
   LFuture := TMycInitStateFuncFuture<string>.Create(FTaskFactory, LInitLatch.State,
     function: string
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ const
 begin
   LExpectedExceptionRaisedByFactory := False;
   LLocalTaskFactory := TMycTaskFactory.Create;
-  LInitStateAsState := State.Null; // Immediate execution
+  LInitStateAsState := TState.Null; // Immediate execution
 
   LFuture := TMycInitStateFuncFuture<Integer>.Create(LLocalTaskFactory, LInitStateAsState,
     function: Integer
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ var
   LFuture: IMycFuture<Integer>;
   LInitLatch: IMycLatch;
 begin
-  LInitLatch := State.CreateLatch(1);
+  LInitLatch := TState.CreateLatch(1);
 
   LFuture := TMycInitStateFuncFuture<Integer>.Create(FTaskFactory, LInitLatch.State,
     function: Integer
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ begin
   FProcExecutionCount := 0; // Reset for this test
 
   // Gate Latch: MainFuture waits for this latch, which needs 2 notifications.
-  LGateLatch := State.CreateLatch(2); // [cite: 77, 212, 330]
+  LGateLatch := TState.CreateLatch(2); // [cite: 77, 212, 330]
 
   // Create MainFuture, AInitState is the GateLatch's state.
   LMainFuture := TMycInitStateFuncFuture<string>.Create(FTaskFactory, LGateLatch.State,
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ begin
 
   // Setup Prerequisite Futures
   // PrerequisiteFuture1
-  LInitStateP1 := State.CreateLatch(1); // Controllable init state for PF1
+  LInitStateP1 := TState.CreateLatch(1); // Controllable init state for PF1
   LPrerequisiteFuture1 := TMycInitStateFuncFuture<Integer>.Create(FTaskFactory, LInitStateP1.State,
     function: Integer
     begin
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ begin
   Subscriptions[1] := LPrerequisiteFuture1.Done.Subscribe(LSub1); // Subscribe to PF1's completion [cite: 56, 188, 306]
 
   // PrerequisiteFuture2
-  LInitStateP2 := State.CreateLatch(1); // Controllable init state for PF2
+  LInitStateP2 := TState.CreateLatch(1); // Controllable init state for PF2
   LPrerequisiteFuture2 := TMycInitStateFuncFuture<Integer>.Create(FTaskFactory, LInitStateP2.State,
     function: Integer
     begin
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ begin
   LFlagFutureBRan := False;
   Self.FSharedCounter := 0; // Reset shared counter for this test
 
-  LTriggerLatch := State.CreateLatch(1); // Single trigger [cite: 77, 212, 330]
+  LTriggerLatch := TState.CreateLatch(1); // Single trigger [cite: 77, 212, 330]
 
   // Future A
   LFutureA := TMycInitStateFuncFuture<Integer>.Create(FTaskFactory, LTriggerLatch.State,

Test/TestFutures.pas

@@ -0,0 +1,553 @@
+unit TestFutures; // Or TestFutures as per your previous version
+
+interface
+
+uses
+    DUnitX.TestFramework,
+    System.SysUtils,
+    System.SyncObjs, // For TSemaphore, TEvent etc.
+    System.Classes, // For TThread, TThread.Sleep
+    Myc.Signals,
+    Myc.Core.Signals, // For State factory methods like State.CreateLatch, State.Null
+    Myc.TaskManager, // For the global TaskManager variable
+    Myc.Core.Tasks, // For TMycTaskFactory
+    Myc.Futures; // For Future<T>
+
+type
+
+    [TestFixture]
+    TTestFuture = class( TObject )
+    public
+        [Setup]
+        procedure Setup;
+        [TearDown]
+        procedure TearDown;
+
+        [Test]
+        procedure TestConstructSimple;
+        [Test]
+        procedure TestConstructWithNilGate;
+        [Test]
+        procedure TestConstructWithPresetGate;
+        [Test]
+        procedure TestConstructWithDelayedGate;
+        [Test]
+        procedure TestChainSimple;
+        [Test]
+        procedure TestChainWithGate;
+        [Test]
+        procedure TestMultipleChains;
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase( 'StringFutureTest', 'Test String' )]
+        [TestCase( 'IntegerFutureTestForParam', '12345' )]
+        procedure TestConstructSimple_Parametric( const ParamValue: string );
+
+        [Test]
+        procedure TestStress_StateAll;
+        [Test]
+        procedure TestStress_StateAny;
+
+        [Test]
+        procedure TestNestedFuture_Construct; // New test for Future<Future<T>> via Construct
+        [Test]
+        procedure TestNestedFuture_Chain; // New test for Future<Future<T>> via Chain
+    end;
+
+implementation
+
+{ TTestFuture }
+
+procedure TTestFuture.Setup;
+begin
+//    SetupTaskManagerMock;
+end;
+
+procedure TTestFuture.TearDown;
+// Executed after each test
+begin
+end;
+
+[Test]
+procedure TTestFuture.TestConstructSimple;
+var
+    fut: TFuture<Integer>;
+    resultValue: Integer;
+begin
+    // Test construction with a simple function that returns an Integer
+    fut := TFuture<Integer>.Construct( // [cite: 146]
+        function: Integer
+        begin
+            TThread.Sleep( 20 ); // Simulate some background work
+            Result := 42;
+        end
+        );
+
+    Assert.IsNotNull( fut.Done, 'Future.Done property should not be nil after construction.' ); // Static string [cite: 148]
+    fut.WaitFor( ); // Wait for the future to complete its execution [cite: 148]
+
+    Assert.IsTrue( fut.Done.IsSet, 'Future.Done.IsSet should be true after completion.' ); // Static string [cite: 148]
+    resultValue := fut.Result; // Retrieve the result of the future [cite: 148]
+    Assert.AreEqual( 42, resultValue, 'The result of the future is not the expected value.' ); // Static string
+end;
+
+[Test]
+procedure TTestFuture.TestConstructWithNilGate;
+var
+    fut: TFuture<Integer>;
+    resultValue: Integer;
+begin
+    // Test construction with a nil gate, which should execute the task immediately
+    fut := TFuture<Integer>.Construct( nil, // Explicitly providing a nil gate [cite: 147]
+        function: Integer
+        begin
+            TThread.Sleep( 20 ); // Simulate work
+            Result := 43;
+        end
+        );
+
+    Assert.IsNotNull( fut.Done, 'Future.Done should not be nil when constructed with a nil gate.' ); // Static string [cite: 148]
+    fut.WaitFor( ); // [cite: 148]
+
+    Assert.IsTrue( fut.Done.IsSet, 'Future.Done.IsSet should be true for nil gate construct.' ); // Static string [cite: 148]
+    resultValue := fut.Result; // [cite: 148]
+    Assert.AreEqual( 43, resultValue, 'Future result is incorrect for nil gate construct.' ); // Static string
+end;
+
+[Test]
+procedure TTestFuture.TestConstructWithPresetGate;
+var
+    fut: TFuture<Integer>;
+    presetGate: IMycState;
+    resultValue: Integer;
+begin
+    presetGate := TState.Null; // State.Null is an IMycState that is always set [cite: 68]
+    Assert.IsTrue( presetGate.IsSet, 'The preset gate (State.Null) should be initially set.' ); // Static string [cite: 55]
+
+    // Construct a future with a gate that is already set
+    fut := TFuture<Integer>.Construct( presetGate, // [cite: 147]
+        function: Integer
+        begin
+            Result := 44; // This should execute quickly
+        end
+        );
+
+    Assert.IsNotNull( fut.Done, 'Future.Done should not be nil for preset gate construct.' ); // Static string [cite: 148]
+    fut.WaitFor( ); // [cite: 148]
+
+    Assert.IsTrue( fut.Done.IsSet, 'Future.Done.IsSet should be true for preset gate construct.' ); // Static string [cite: 148]
+    resultValue := fut.Result; // [cite: 148]
+    Assert.AreEqual( 44, resultValue, 'Future result is incorrect for preset gate construct.' ); // Static string
+end;
+
+[Test]
+procedure TTestFuture.TestConstructWithDelayedGate;
+var
+    fut: TFuture<Integer>;
+    delayedGate: IMycLatch; // IMycLatch implements IMycState [cite: 58]
+    resultValue: Integer;
+begin
+    delayedGate := TState.CreateLatch( 1 ); // Create a latch that requires one notification to be set [cite: 66]
+    Assert.IsNotNull( delayedGate, 'The delayed gate (IMycLatch) should not be nil.' ); // Static string
+    Assert.IsFalse( delayedGate.State.IsSet, 'The delayed gate should not be initially set.' ); // Static string [cite: 59, 55]
+
+    // Construct a future with a gate that is not yet set
+    fut := TFuture<Integer>.Construct( delayedGate.State, // Get the IMycState interface from the latch [cite: 147, 59]
+        function: Integer
+        begin
+            Result := 45;
+        end
+        );
+
+    Assert.IsNotNull( fut.Done, 'Future.Done should not be nil for delayed gate construct.' ); // Static string [cite: 148]
+
+    // Verify the future is not yet done as the gate is not set
+    TThread.Sleep( 50 ); // Allow some time for task scheduling
+    Assert.IsFalse( fut.Done.IsSet, 'Future.Done.IsSet should be false before the delayed gate is triggered.' );
+    // Static string [cite: 148, 55]
+
+    delayedGate.Notify; // Trigger the latch [cite: 46, 94] (IMycSubscriber.Notify)
+
+    fut.WaitFor( ); // Wait for the future to complete now that the gate is set [cite: 148]
+
+    Assert.IsTrue( delayedGate.State.IsSet, 'The delayed gate should be set after Notify.' ); // Static string [cite: 59, 55]
+    Assert.IsTrue( fut.Done.IsSet, 'Future.Done.IsSet should be true after the delayed gate is triggered.' );
+    // Static string [cite: 148, 55]
+    resultValue := fut.Result; // [cite: 148]
+    Assert.AreEqual( 45, resultValue, 'Future result is incorrect for delayed gate construct.' ); // Static string
+end;
+
+[Test]
+procedure TTestFuture.TestChainSimple;
+var
+    fut1: TFuture<Integer>;
+    fut2: TFuture<string>;
+    resultValue: string;
+begin
+    // Create an initial future
+    fut1 := TFuture<Integer>.Construct( // [cite: 146]
+        function: Integer
+        begin
+            TThread.Sleep( 20 ); // Simulate work
+            Result := 100;
+        end
+        );
+
+    // Chain a second future that depends on the result of the first
+    fut2 := fut1.Chain<string>( // [cite: 147]
+        function( Input: Integer ): string // This function receives the result of fut1
+        begin
+            TThread.Sleep( 20 ); // Simulate further work
+            Result := 'Value: ' + Input.ToString; // Use ToString for converting Integer to String
+        end
+        );
+
+    Assert.IsNotNull( fut2.Done, 'Chained Future.Done should not be nil.' ); // Static string [cite: 148]
+    fut2.WaitFor( ); // Wait for the chained future to complete [cite: 148]
+
+    Assert.IsTrue( fut2.Done.IsSet, 'Chained Future.Done.IsSet should be true after completion.' ); // Static string [cite: 148, 55]
+    resultValue := fut2.Result; // [cite: 148]
+    Assert.AreEqual( 'Value: 100', resultValue, 'Chained Future result is incorrect.' ); // Static string
+end;
+
+[Test]
+procedure TTestFuture.TestChainWithGate;
+var
+    fut1: TFuture<Integer>;
+    fut2: TFuture<string>;
+    delayedGate: IMycLatch;
+    resultValue: string;
+begin
+    delayedGate := TState.CreateLatch( 1 ); // [cite: 66]
+    Assert.IsFalse( delayedGate.State.IsSet, 'The delayed gate for chain test should not be initially set.' );
+    // Static string [cite: 59, 55]
+
+    // First future depends on the delayedGate
+    fut1 := TFuture<Integer>.Construct( delayedGate.State, // [cite: 147, 59]
+        function: Integer
+        begin
+            Result := 200;
+        end
+        );
+
+    // Second future is chained to the first
+    fut2 := fut1.Chain<string>( // [cite: 147]
+        function( Input: Integer ): string
+        begin
+            Result := 'ChainVal: ' + Input.ToString;
+        end
+        );
+
+    Assert.IsNotNull( fut2.Done, 'Chained (with gate) Future.Done should not be nil.' ); // Static string [cite: 148]
+
+    // Verify futures are not done yet
+    TThread.Sleep( 50 );
+    Assert.IsFalse( fut1.Done.IsSet, 'Initial future (gated) should not be done before gate is set.' ); // Static string [cite: 148, 55]
+    Assert.IsFalse( fut2.Done.IsSet, 'Chained future (gated) should not be done before gate is set.' ); // Static string [cite: 148, 55]
+
+    delayedGate.Notify; // Trigger the gate [cite: 46, 94]
+
+    fut2.WaitFor( ); // Wait for the final chained future to complete [cite: 148]
+
+    Assert.IsTrue( fut1.Done.IsSet, 'Initial future (gated) should be done after gate is set.' ); // Static string [cite: 148, 55]
+    Assert.IsTrue( fut2.Done.IsSet, 'Chained future (gated) should be done after gate is set.' ); // Static string [cite: 148, 55]
+
+    resultValue := fut2.Result; // [cite: 148]
+    Assert.AreEqual( 'ChainVal: 200', resultValue, 'Chained future (gated) result is incorrect.' ); // Static string
+end;
+
+[Test]
+procedure TTestFuture.TestMultipleChains;
+var
+    futA: TFuture<Integer>;
+    futB: TFuture<Real>; // Using Real for intermediate type
+    futC: TFuture<string>; // Final result as string
+    finalResult: string;
+begin
+    // Initial future A
+    futA := TFuture<Integer>.Construct( // [cite: 146]
+        function: Integer
+        begin
+            TThread.Sleep( 10 );
+            Result := 10;
+        end
+        );
+
+    // Future B, chained from A
+    futB := futA.Chain<Real>( // [cite: 147]
+        function( InputA: Integer ): Real
+        begin
+            TThread.Sleep( 10 );
+            Result := InputA * 2.5; // Calculation: 10 * 2.5 = 25.0
+        end
+        );
+
+    // Future C, chained from B
+    futC := futB.Chain<string>( // [cite: 147]
+        function( InputB: Real ): string
+        begin
+            TThread.Sleep( 10 );
+            Result := 'Final: ' + FloatToStr( InputB ); // Convert Real to String
+        end
+        );
+
+    Assert.IsNotNull( futC.Done, 'Multi-chained Future.Done should not be nil.' ); // Static string [cite: 148]
+    futC.WaitFor( ); // Wait for the last future in the chain [cite: 148]
+
+    Assert.IsTrue( futA.Done.IsSet, 'Future A in chain should be done.' ); // Static string [cite: 148, 55]
+    Assert.IsTrue( futB.Done.IsSet, 'Future B in chain should be done.' ); // Static string [cite: 148, 55]
+    Assert.IsTrue( futC.Done.IsSet, 'Future C (multi-chained) should be done.' ); // Static string [cite: 148, 55]
+
+    finalResult := futC.Result; // [cite: 148]
+    // Ensure FloatToStr conversion is consistent for comparison
+    Assert.AreEqual( 'Final: ' + FloatToStr( 25.0 ), finalResult, 'Multi-chained Future result is incorrect.' ); // Static string
+end;
+
+[Test]
+[TestCase( 'StringFutureTest', 'Test String' )]
+[TestCase( 'IntegerFutureTestForParam', '12345' )]
+procedure TTestFuture.TestConstructSimple_Parametric( const ParamValue: string );
+var
+    fut: TFuture<string>;
+    resultValue: string;
+begin
+    // Parametric test for Future<string>
+    fut := TFuture<string>.Construct( // [cite: 146]
+        function: string
+        begin
+            TThread.Sleep( 10 );
+            Result := ParamValue; // Use the parameter in the future's function
+        end
+        );
+
+    Assert.IsNotNull( fut.Done, 'Parametric Future.Done should not be nil.' ); // Static string [cite: 148]
+    fut.WaitFor( ); // [cite: 148]
+
+    Assert.IsTrue( fut.Done.IsSet, 'Parametric Future.Done.IsSet should be true.' ); // Static string [cite: 148, 55]
+    resultValue := fut.Result; // [cite: 148]
+    Assert.AreEqual( ParamValue, resultValue, 'Parametric Future result does not match input parameter.' ); // Static string
+end;
+
+[Test]
+procedure TTestFuture.TestStress_StateAll;
+const
+    StressTestFutureCount = 100; // Number of futures for the stress test
+var
+    Futures: TArray<TFuture<Integer>>;
+    doneStates: TArray<IMycState>;
+    combinedStateAll: IMycState;
+    masterFuture: TFuture<Boolean>;
+    i: Integer;
+begin
+    SetLength( Futures, StressTestFutureCount );
+    SetLength( doneStates, StressTestFutureCount );
+    Randomize; // Initialize random number generator for varied delays
+
+    // Create multiple futures, each with a small random delay
+    for i := 0 to High( Futures ) do
+    begin
+        // Capture loop variable for use in anonymous method
+        Futures[i] := TFuture<Integer>.Construct( // [cite: 146]
+        (
+            function( captureIndex: Integer ): TFunc<Integer>
+            begin
+                Result := function: Integer
+                    var
+                        delay: Integer;
+                    begin
+                        delay := 10 + Random( 40 ); // Random delay between 10ms and 49ms
+                        TThread.Sleep( delay );
+                        Result := captureIndex; // Return the captured index
+                    end;
+            end )( i )
+            );
+        doneStates[i] := Futures[i].Done; // [cite: 148]
+    end;
+
+    combinedStateAll := TState.All( doneStates ); // [cite: 67]
+    Assert.IsNotNull( combinedStateAll, 'State.All should return a valid IMycState.' ); // Static string
+
+    // Create a master future that waits on the combined State.All state
+    masterFuture := TFuture<Boolean>.Construct( combinedStateAll, // [cite: 147]
+        function: Boolean
+        begin
+            Result := True; // This function executes when combinedStateAll is set
+        end
+        );
+    masterFuture.WaitFor( ); // Wait for all futures to complete via the master future [cite: 148]
+
+    Assert.IsTrue( combinedStateAll.IsSet, 'Combined State.All should be set after masterFuture.WaitFor().' ); // Static string [cite: 55]
+
+    // Verify all individual futures are done and their results are correct
+    for i := 0 to High( Futures ) do
+    begin
+        Assert.IsTrue( Futures[i].Done.IsSet, 'An individual future was not set after State.All completed.' );
+        // Static string [cite: 148, 55]
+        if Futures[i].Done.IsSet then // Additional check to safely access Result
+        begin
+            Assert.AreEqual( i, Futures[i].Result, 'A future''s result was incorrect in State.All stress test.' );
+            // Static string [cite: 148]
+        end;
+    end;
+end;
+
+[Test]
+procedure TTestFuture.TestStress_StateAny;
+const
+    StressTestFutureCount = 50; // Number of futures for the stress test
+    QuickFutureIndex = StressTestFutureCount div 3; // Designate one future to be quicker
+var
+    Futures: TArray<TFuture<Integer>>;
+    doneStates: TArray<IMycState>;
+    combinedStateAny: IMycState;
+    masterFuture: TFuture<Boolean>;
+    i: Integer;
+    isAtLeastOneSet: Boolean;
+begin
+    SetLength( Futures, StressTestFutureCount );
+    SetLength( doneStates, StressTestFutureCount );
+    Randomize; // Initialize random number generator
+
+    // Create multiple futures, one of which is designed to finish quickly
+    for i := 0 to High( Futures ) do
+    begin
+        // Capture loop variable
+        Futures[i] := TFuture<Integer>.Construct( // [cite: 146]
+        (
+            function( captureIndex: Integer ): TFunc<Integer>
+            begin
+                Result := function: Integer
+                    var
+                        delay: Integer;
+                    begin
+                        if captureIndex = QuickFutureIndex then
+                            delay := 5 // Short delay for the 'quick' future
+                        else
+                            delay := 50 + Random( 100 ); // Longer random delay (50-149ms) for others
+                        TThread.Sleep( delay );
+                        Result := captureIndex;
+                    end;
+            end )( i )
+            );
+        doneStates[i] := Futures[i].Done; // [cite: 148]
+    end;
+
+    combinedStateAny := TState.Any( doneStates ); // [cite: 68]
+    Assert.IsNotNull( combinedStateAny, 'State.Any should return a valid IMycState.' ); // Static string
+
+    // Create a master future that waits on the combined State.Any state
+    masterFuture := TFuture<Boolean>.Construct( combinedStateAny, // [cite: 147]
+        function: Boolean
+        begin
+            Result := True; // This function executes when combinedStateAny is set
+        end
+        );
+    masterFuture.WaitFor( ); // Wait for at least one future to complete [cite: 148]
+
+    Assert.IsTrue( combinedStateAny.IsSet, 'Combined State.Any should be set after masterFuture.WaitFor().' ); // Static string [cite: 55]
+
+    // Verify that at least one of the original futures is now set
+    isAtLeastOneSet := False;
+    for i := 0 to High( Futures ) do
+    begin
+        if Futures[i].Done.IsSet then // [cite: 148, 55]
+        begin
+            isAtLeastOneSet := True;
+        end;
+    end;
+    Assert.IsTrue( isAtLeastOneSet, 'At least one underlying future should be set after State.Any completed.' ); // Static string
+
+    // It's good practice to ensure all futures complete
+    for i := 0 to High( Futures ) do
+    begin
+        if not Futures[i].Done.IsSet then // [cite: 148, 55]
+        begin
+            Futures[i].WaitFor( ); // Wait for any remaining futures [cite: 148]
+        end;
+    end;
+end;
+
+[Test]
+procedure TTestFuture.TestNestedFuture_Construct;
+var
+    outerFuture: TFuture<TFuture<Integer>>;
+    innerFuture: TFuture<Integer>;
+    finalResult: Integer;
+begin
+    // Create an outer future that, when resolved, produces another (inner) future.
+    outerFuture := TFuture < TFuture < Integer >>.Construct( // [cite: 146]
+        function: TFuture<Integer> // This lambda returns a Future<Integer>
+        begin
+            TThread.Sleep( 10 ); // Simulate work for the outer future to produce the inner one
+            Result := TFuture<Integer>.Construct( // [cite: 146]
+                function: Integer
+                begin
+                    TThread.Sleep( 10 ); // Simulate work for the inner future
+                    Result := 123; // The final value
+                end
+                );
+        end
+        );
+
+    Assert.IsNotNull( outerFuture.Done, 'Outer future''s Done state should not be nil.' ); // Static string [cite: 148]
+    outerFuture.WaitFor( ); // Wait for the outer future to complete and yield the inner future [cite: 148]
+    Assert.IsTrue( outerFuture.Done.IsSet, 'Outer future should be done after WaitFor.' ); // Static string [cite: 148, 55]
+
+    innerFuture := outerFuture.Result; // Retrieve the inner future [cite: 148]
+    Assert.IsNotNull( innerFuture.Done, 'Inner future (from outer.Result) should have a non-nil Done state.' ); // Static string [cite: 148]
+
+    innerFuture.WaitFor( ); // Wait for the inner future to complete and yield the final result [cite: 148]
+    Assert.IsTrue( innerFuture.Done.IsSet, 'Inner future should be done after its WaitFor.' ); // Static string [cite: 148, 55]
+
+    finalResult := innerFuture.Result; // Retrieve the final integer result [cite: 148]
+    Assert.AreEqual( 123, finalResult, 'Nested future final result from Construct is incorrect.' ); // Static string
+end;
+
+[Test]
+procedure TTestFuture.TestNestedFuture_Chain;
+var
+    initialFuture: TFuture<Integer>;
+    outerChainedFuture: TFuture<TFuture<string>>; // Future<S> where S is Future<string>
+    innerStringFuture: TFuture<string>;
+    finalResult: string;
+begin
+    // Create an initial future
+    initialFuture := TFuture<Integer>.Construct( // [cite: 146]
+        function: Integer
+        begin
+            TThread.Sleep( 10 );
+            Result := 77;
+        end
+        );
+
+    // Chain it with a function that itself returns a new Future<string>
+    outerChainedFuture := initialFuture.Chain < TFuture < string >> ( // [cite: 147]
+        function( Input: Integer ): TFuture<string> // This lambda returns a Future<string>
+        begin
+            TThread.Sleep( 10 ); // Simulate work in the chain function
+            // Input is the result of initialFuture (77)
+            Result := TFuture<string>.Construct( // [cite: 146]
+                function: string
+                begin
+                    TThread.Sleep( 10 ); // Simulate work for the inner-most future
+                    Result := 'Value: ' + Input.ToString; // Input is captured (77)
+                end
+                );
+        end
+        );
+
+    Assert.IsNotNull( outerChainedFuture.Done, 'Outer chained future''s Done state should not be nil.' ); // Static string [cite: 148]
+    outerChainedFuture.WaitFor( ); // Wait for initialFuture to complete AND the chain function to execute [cite: 148]
+    Assert.IsTrue( outerChainedFuture.Done.IsSet, 'Outer chained future should be done after WaitFor.' ); // Static string [cite: 148, 55]
+
+    innerStringFuture := outerChainedFuture.Result; // Get the Future<string> produced by the chain function [cite: 148]
+    Assert.IsNotNull( innerStringFuture.Done, 'Inner string future (from chain) should have a non-nil Done state.' );
+    // Static string [cite: 148]
+
+    innerStringFuture.WaitFor( ); // Wait for the inner Future<string> to complete [cite: 148]
+    Assert.IsTrue( innerStringFuture.Done.IsSet, 'Inner string future should be done after its WaitFor.' ); // Static string [cite: 148, 55]
+
+    finalResult := innerStringFuture.Result; // Get the final string result [cite: 148]
+    Assert.AreEqual( 'Value: 77', finalResult, 'Nested future (via Chain) final result is incorrect.' ); // Static string
+end;
+
+end.

Test/TestSignals_Dirty.pas

@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ end;
 
 function TTestMycDirtyFlag.CreateAndPrepareDirtyFlag(StartDirty: Boolean = True): IMycDirty;
 begin
-  Result := State.CreateDirty; // Initially dirty
+  Result := TState.CreateDirty; // Initially dirty
   if not StartDirty then
     Result.Reset; // Reset to make it clean
   Assert.AreEqual(StartDirty, Result.State.IsSet, 'CreateAndPrepareDirtyFlag initial state incorrect.');
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ procedure TTestMycDirtyFlag.TestCreate_InitialStateIsDirty;
 var
   dirtyFlag: IMycDirty;
 begin
-  dirtyFlag := State.CreateDirty;
+  dirtyFlag := TState.CreateDirty;
   Assert.IsTrue(dirtyFlag.State.IsSet, 'Newly created dirty flag should be IsSet (dirty).');
 end;
 

Test/TestSignals_Latch.pas

@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ var
   latch: IMycLatch;
 begin
   // TMycLatch.CreateLatch returns TMycLatch.Null if InitialCount <= 0
-  latch := State.CreateLatch(InitialCount);
+  latch := TState.CreateLatch(InitialCount);
   Assert.AreEqual(ExpectedIsSet, latch.State.IsSet, 'Latch initial IsSet state mismatch for count ' + IntToStr(InitialCount) + '.');
 end;
 
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ var
   latch: IMycLatch;
   returnedValueFromNotify: Boolean;
 begin
-  latch := State.CreateLatch(InitialCount);
+  latch := TState.CreateLatch(InitialCount);
   returnedValueFromNotify := latch.Notify; // This is IMycLatch (as IMycSubscriber).Notify
 
   Assert.AreEqual(ExpectedReturn, returnedValueFromNotify, 'Unexpected return value from Latch.Notify call for initial count ' + IntToStr(InitialCount) + '.');
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ procedure TTestMycLatch.TestNotify_DecrementsCounter_StateChanges;
 var
   latch: IMycLatch;
 begin
-  latch := State.CreateLatch(1);
+  latch := TState.CreateLatch(1);
   Assert.IsFalse(latch.State.IsSet, 'Latch should initially not be set (Count=1).');
   latch.Notify; // Count becomes 0
   Assert.IsTrue(latch.State.IsSet, 'Latch should be set after Notify (Count became 0).');
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ procedure TTestMycLatch.TestNotify_MultipleNotifies_CounterBecomesNegativeAndSta
 var
   latch: IMycLatch;
 begin
-  latch := State.CreateLatch(1);
+  latch := TState.CreateLatch(1);
   latch.Notify; // Count becomes 0, IsSet = True
   Assert.IsTrue(latch.State.IsSet, 'Latch should be set after first Notify.');
   latch.Notify; // Count becomes -1, IsSet should remain True
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ var
   mockSub: TMockSubscriber;
   subscription: TMycSubscription;
 begin
-  latch := State.CreateLatch(1);
+  latch := TState.CreateLatch(1);
   mockSub := TMockSubscriber.Create;
   subscription := latch.State.Subscribe(mockSub); // Subscribing to the Latch's state
 
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ var
   mockSub1, mockSub2, mockSub3: TMockSubscriber;
   sub1, sub2, sub3: TMycSubscription; // Keep subscriptions in scope
 begin
-  latch := State.CreateLatch(1);
+  latch := TState.CreateLatch(1);
   mockSub1 := TMockSubscriber.Create;
   mockSub2 := TMockSubscriber.Create;
   mockSub3 := TMockSubscriber.Create;
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ var
   mockSub: TMockSubscriber;
   subscription: TMycSubscription;
 begin
-  latch := State.CreateLatch(2); // Count = 2
+  latch := TState.CreateLatch(2); // Count = 2
   mockSub := TMockSubscriber.Create;
   subscription := latch.State.Subscribe(mockSub);
 
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ var
   mockSub: TMockSubscriber;
   subscription: TMycSubscription;
 begin
-  latch := State.CreateLatch(1);
+  latch := TState.CreateLatch(1);
   mockSub := TMockSubscriber.Create;
   subscription := latch.State.Subscribe(mockSub);
 
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ var
   mockSub1, mockSub2: TMockSubscriber;
   subscription1, subscription2: TMycSubscription;
 begin
-  latch := State.CreateLatch(1); // Create with count 1
+  latch := TState.CreateLatch(1); // Create with count 1
   mockSub1 := TMockSubscriber.Create;
   subscription1 := latch.State.Subscribe(mockSub1); // Subscribe before set
 
@@ -270,8 +270,8 @@ var
   mockSubForB: TMockSubscriber;
   subHandle_B_listens_A, subHandle_Mock_listens_B: TMycSubscription;
 begin
-  latchA := State.CreateLatch(1);
+  latchA := TState.CreateLatch(1);
-  latchB := State.CreateLatch(1); // latchB is an IMycSubscriber
+  latchB := TState.CreateLatch(1); // latchB is an IMycSubscriber
   mockSubForB := TMockSubscriber.Create;
 
   subHandle_Mock_listens_B := latchB.State.Subscribe(mockSubForB);
@@ -295,9 +295,9 @@ var
   mockSubForC: TMockSubscriber;
   sub_Mock_C, sub_C_B, sub_B_A: TMycSubscription;
 begin
-  latchA := State.CreateLatch(1);
+  latchA := TState.CreateLatch(1);
-  latchB := State.CreateLatch(1);
+  latchB := TState.CreateLatch(1);
-  latchC := State.CreateLatch(1);
+  latchC := TState.CreateLatch(1);
   mockSubForC := TMockSubscriber.Create;
 
   sub_Mock_C := latchC.State.Subscribe(mockSubForC);
@@ -320,8 +320,8 @@ var
 begin
   // LatchA needs 2 notifies to become set. LatchB needs 1 notify to become set.
   // LatchB subscribes to LatchA. So LatchB will be notified once LatchA becomes set.
-  latchA := State.CreateLatch(2);
+  latchA := TState.CreateLatch(2);
-  latchB := State.CreateLatch(1);
+  latchB := TState.CreateLatch(1);
   mockSubForB := TMockSubscriber.Create;
 
   sub_Mock_B := latchB.State.Subscribe(mockSubForB);
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ var
   mockSub: TMockSubscriber;
   subscription: TMycSubscription;
 begin
-  latch := State.CreateLatch(0); // Returns TMycLatch.Null which is set.
+  latch := TState.CreateLatch(0); // Returns TMycLatch.Null which is set.
   mockSub := TMockSubscriber.Create;
 
   subscription := latch.State.Subscribe(mockSub); // TMycLatch.Subscribe notifies immediately if already set.
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ var
   mockSub: TMockSubscriber;
   subscription: TMycSubscription;
 begin
-  latch := State.CreateLatch(1);
+  latch := TState.CreateLatch(1);
   mockSub := TMockSubscriber.Create;
 
   subscription := latch.State.Subscribe(mockSub);
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ var
   mockSub: TMockSubscriber;
   subscription: TMycSubscription;
 begin
-  latch := State.CreateLatch(3);
+  latch := TState.CreateLatch(3);
 
   latch.Notify; // Count -> 2
   latch.Notify; // Count -> 1
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ var
   mockSub1, mockSub2: TMockSubscriber;
   subscription1, subscription2: TMycSubscription;
 begin
-  latch := State.CreateLatch(1);
+  latch := TState.CreateLatch(1);
   mockSub1 := TMockSubscriber.Create;
   mockSub2 := TMockSubscriber.Create;
 
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ var
   mockSub: TMockSubscriber;
   // 'subscription' will be declared in an inner scope to control its finalization
 begin
-  latch := State.CreateLatch(1);
+  latch := TState.CreateLatch(1);
   mockSub := TMockSubscriber.Create;
 
   var noException: Boolean := True;
@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ var
   mockSubInitial, mockSubNew: TMockSubscriber;
   subscriptionInitial, subscriptionNew: TMycSubscription;
 begin
-  latch := State.CreateLatch(1);
+  latch := TState.CreateLatch(1);
   mockSubInitial := TMockSubscriber.Create;
   subscriptionInitial := latch.State.Subscribe(mockSubInitial);